Criminal charges are formal accusations of criminal conduct made by a governmental authority against a person or entity. Criminal charges are usually filed or initiated by a city, county, state, or the federal government, acting through a public prosecutor—also known as a municipal prosecutor, county attorney, district attorney, state attorney general, or United States Attorney (for federal crimes). Criminal charges range from low-level misdemeanors such as traffic tickets to first degree felonies such as capital murder.

The charging document in which the specific crime(s) alleged to have been committed are specified may be referred to as (1) a complaint; (2) an information; (3) an indictment; (4) a citation; or (5) a traffic ticket.

In Alabama, criminal charges are formal allegations made by the government that an individual or entity has engaged in criminal conduct. These charges can be initiated by various levels of government, including city, county, state, or federal authorities, and are prosecuted by the appropriate public prosecutor, such as a municipal prosecutor, county attorney, district attorney, or the United States Attorney for federal offenses. The severity of criminal charges in Alabama ranges from misdemeanors, like minor traffic violations, to serious felonies, including capital murder which may carry the death penalty or life imprisonment without parole. The specific criminal charges are detailed in a charging document, which may take the form of a complaint, an information, an indictment, a citation, or a traffic ticket, depending on the nature of the offense and the procedures of the jurisdiction involved.