Vandalism is generally the damage, destruction, defacing, or alteration of tangible public or private property, done with criminal intent (intentionally or knowingly). Vandalism charges often arise from (1) damage to a home or dwelling; (2) damage to a place of business; (3) damage to a motor vehicle; (4) damage to a school; (5) defacement or destruction of public or private property (graffiti, etc.); or (6) tampering with public water, gas, power, or communications.

Vandalism is sometimes classified as criminal mischief or reckless damage or destruction of property under state laws. These laws vary from state to state and are generally located in a state’s statutes—usually in the penal or criminal code.

In Alabama, vandalism is typically addressed under the state's criminal mischief statutes. Alabama Code Section 13A-7-21 defines criminal mischief in the first, second, and third degrees, with the severity of the charge depending on the extent of the damage and the cost to repair or replace the property. First-degree criminal mischief involves damage of $2,500 or more, or by means of an explosive or destructive device, and is considered a Class C felony. Second-degree criminal mischief involves damage between $500 and $2,500 and is a Class A misdemeanor. Third-degree criminal mischief, which includes damage of $500 or less, is a Class B misdemeanor. Vandalism involving tampering with utilities may fall under different statutes, such as interference with utility services, and can carry its own penalties. Penalties for vandalism in Alabama can include fines, imprisonment, and restitution to the victim for the cost of repairs or replacement of the damaged property.