In many states it is a criminal offense to intentionally or recklessly transmit a sexually transmitted disease (STD or venereal disease) to another person. Examples of such diseases include HIV/AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, genital herpes, human papillomavirus (HPV), genital warts, and hepatitis B.

Laws vary from state to state, and in some states these laws include other infectious or communicable diseases. In some states there is a specific criminal offense for transmission of sexually transmitted or communicable diseases, and in other states criminal prosecutors charge the defendant with a more general crime like assault.

Laws regarding criminal liability for the intentional or reckless transmission of sexual or other infectious or communicable diseases are generally located in a state’s statutes—often in the penal or criminal code, or the health and safety code.

A person who negligently transmits a sexually transmitted disease to another person through sexual contact—without informing the other person of the offender’s infection before the sexual contact—may also be subject to civil liability for money damages in a lawsuit.

In Alabama, the transmission of a sexually transmitted disease (STD) can lead to criminal charges under certain circumstances. Alabama Code § 22-11A-21 makes it illegal for anyone who knows that they are infected with an STD to engage in conduct that is likely to transmit the disease to another person. This includes HIV/AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, genital herpes, human papillomavirus (HPV), genital warts, and hepatitis B. The law requires that infected individuals must inform their potential sexual partners of their infection before engaging in sexual intercourse. Failure to do so can result in a Class C misdemeanor charge. Additionally, Alabama law allows for civil liability, meaning that a person who negligently transmits an STD without informing their partner can be sued for monetary damages. It's important to note that the specifics of enforcement and prosecution can vary, and an attorney can provide guidance on the current application of these laws.