Sex discrimination involves treating someone (a job applicant or employee) unfavorably because of that person's sex. Sex discrimination is a form of employment discrimination that violates federal law—including Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. §2000e).

In addition to these federal laws, states also have laws against sex discrimination in employment. These state laws are generally located in a state’s statutes—often in the labor code or employment-related statutes.

Discrimination against an individual because of gender identity—including transgender status or sexual orientation—is discrimination because of sex in violation of Title VII.

The law forbids discrimination when it comes to any aspect of employment, including hiring, firing, pay, job assignments, promotions, layoff, training, fringe benefits, and any other term or condition of employment.

For the regulations related to sex discrimination, see the Code of Federal Regulations, beginning with 29 CFR 1604.1.

In Michigan, sex discrimination in employment is prohibited under both federal and state law. Federally, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 makes it illegal to discriminate based on sex in any aspect of employment, which includes hiring, firing, pay, promotions, and other terms of employment. This federal protection extends to discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation. State-level protections are found in the Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act, which also prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of sex. Michigan law aligns with federal law to provide broad protections against sex discrimination, ensuring that individuals are treated fairly and without bias in the workplace. Employers in Michigan must comply with these regulations and are subject to legal consequences if they engage in discriminatory practices.