Sex discrimination involves treating someone (a job applicant or employee) unfavorably because of that person's sex. Sex discrimination is a form of employment discrimination that violates federal law—including Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. §2000e).

In addition to these federal laws, states also have laws against sex discrimination in employment. These state laws are generally located in a state’s statutes—often in the labor code or employment-related statutes.

Discrimination against an individual because of gender identity—including transgender status or sexual orientation—is discrimination because of sex in violation of Title VII.

The law forbids discrimination when it comes to any aspect of employment, including hiring, firing, pay, job assignments, promotions, layoff, training, fringe benefits, and any other term or condition of employment.

For the regulations related to sex discrimination, see the Code of Federal Regulations, beginning with 29 CFR 1604.1.

In Michigan, sex discrimination in employment is prohibited under both federal and state law. Federally, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 makes it illegal to discriminate based on sex in any aspect of employment, which includes hiring, firing, pay, promotions, and other terms of employment. This federal protection extends to gender identity and sexual orientation. Michigan's state laws also prohibit sex discrimination in employment, which can be found in the state's statutes, particularly those related to labor and employment. The Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act, MCL 37.2101 et seq., is Michigan's primary state law that prohibits discrimination based on sex, among other protected characteristics. It applies to employers with one or more employees and offers similar protections against discrimination in employment as federal law. Additionally, the Michigan Department of Civil Rights is responsible for enforcing these anti-discrimination laws within the state. For detailed regulations on sex discrimination, one can refer to the Code of Federal Regulations, starting with 29 CFR 1604.1.