Immigration law in the United States generally includes the rights and obligations of persons who are not U.S. citizens to temporarily visit or more permanently reside in the U.S.—and for federal and state governments to enforce immigration laws regarding visitors and residents.

Most immigration law consists of federal statutes and regulations—but many state laws impact both legal and illegal immigrants—including employment checks, E-Verify, law enforcement, driver's license requirements, public benefits restrictions, and more.

In Vermont, as in all states, immigration law is primarily governed by federal statutes and regulations, as the authority to regulate immigration is a federal power. This includes laws pertaining to visas, green cards, asylum, deportation, and citizenship. Vermont must comply with these federal laws, but it also has state-specific regulations that affect immigrants. For example, Vermont allows access to driver's privilege cards for residents regardless of immigration status. The state also participates in the federal E-Verify program, which employers may use to verify the employment eligibility of new hires. However, Vermont has adopted policies that limit local law enforcement's involvement in federal immigration enforcement, aiming to foster trust between communities and police. Additionally, Vermont has certain restrictions on public benefits for non-U.S. citizens, although some benefits may be available to certain immigrants, including those with legal status, refugees, and asylees.