Criminal offenses under state and federal laws are generally categorized by the seriousness of the crime as felonies (more serious) or misdemeanors (less serious). Felonies are offenses that generally may result in prison sentences of more than one year, and misdemeanors carry sentences of one year or less. The United States Congress sets the penalties for all federal criminal offenses, and thus decides which criminal offenses are felonies and which are misdemeanors. And the state legislature in each state decides which criminal offenses are felonies and which are misdemeanors under state law.
In Vermont, as in other states, criminal offenses are classified into two main categories: felonies and misdemeanors. Felonies are the more serious crimes, typically punishable by imprisonment for more than one year, and in some cases, by life imprisonment or even the death penalty. Misdemeanors are less serious offenses, with penalties that include imprisonment for up to one year, fines, or other lesser forms of punishment. The Vermont legislature determines the classification of state offenses and the penalties associated with them. For federal offenses, the United States Congress is responsible for setting the classifications and penalties. Each type of offense carries different legal consequences and processes, and the distinction between a felony and a misdemeanor can significantly affect the rights and future of an individual charged with a crime.