There are benefits to students using cell phones (also known as mobile phones) at school. Some teachers use cell phones and educational apps to facilitate learning. And parents like the convenience and safety of using cell phones to communicate with their children during and after school.

But student access to phones at school can also create distractions and cause harmful behavior by:

• highlighting social and economic status;

• facilitating sexual harassment and child pornography (taking and sharing inappropriate photos);

• facilitating bullying and other harmful behavior; and

• facilitating cheating.

In response to these problems, some schools have prohibited cell phones during school hours and have confiscated the cell phones of students who violate these policies. These actions have resulted in lawsuits challenging the policies and actions—usually on constitutional and state statutory grounds (education statutes). Laws and court rulings have varied from state to state.

Searches of Student Cell Phones

And because students use cell phones to communicate and take photos, cell phones may often contain evidence of criminal or other misconduct. Teachers and school officials (and sometimes police officers) are often inclined to confiscate and search a student’s cell phone if they believe it may contain evidence of criminal or other inappropriate behavior.

Searches of student cell phones are generally governed by the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and related court opinions regarding search and seizure law—which is categorized as criminal procedure law in the U.S. legal system.

In Texas, the regulation of cell phone use in schools is primarily determined by individual school districts, but it must comply with both state statutes and federal law, including the Fourth Amendment. Texas does not have a specific state statute that universally governs the use of cell phones in schools; instead, policies are often set at the district level. These policies may include restrictions or bans on cell phone use during school hours to prevent distractions and misconduct. When it comes to searches of student cell phones, the Fourth Amendment protects students from unreasonable searches and seizures. School officials can search a student's cell phone if they have reasonable suspicion that it contains evidence of a violation of school rules or the law, but such searches must be conducted in a manner that is reasonably related to the objectives of the search and not excessively intrusive. Texas courts have generally followed federal precedents in applying these legal standards. However, if a search is deemed to have violated a student's rights, it could result in legal challenges. Parents and students should be aware of their specific school district's policies regarding cell phone use and the legal implications of these policies.