A mortgage is a contract or agreement that includes a promissory note in which the mortgagor (borrower) agrees to repay the loan to the mortgagee (the lender—often a bank) and agrees that the real property that is the subject of the mortgage will serve as security or collateral for payment of the loan.

If the mortgagor (borrower) fails to timely make the loan payments, the lien created by the mortgage allows the mortgagee (lender) to seek judicial foreclosure on the property (a forced sale effected through the courts) and use the proceeds to pay the balance of the loan—plus any additional fees and penalties the mortgagor (borrower) is obligated to pay.

Some states use a mortgage agreement to secure the repayment of a loan for the purchase of real property and some states use a deed of trust.

In a mortgage, the mortgagor (borrower) retains title to the property (ownership) and grants the mortgagee (lender) a lien on the property. The mortgagor and mortgagee are the only two parties to the transaction and if the mortgagor defaults on the loan, the mortgagee must seek judicial foreclosure of the lien through the courts to sell the property and use the proceeds to satisfy the loan.

In a deed of trust, the grantor (borrower) transfers title (ownership) of the property to a third party (the trustee—often a title company) to hold title to the property as security or collateral, protecting the grantee (lender) until the grantor (borrower) repays the loan in full.

When a deed of trust serves as the security or collateral for the loan on the property, the lender may sell the property without going through the court system—and this is known as nonjudicial foreclosure. Nonjudicial foreclosure is usually less time-consuming and less expensive for the lender.

In Florida, a mortgage is a legal instrument that establishes a lien on real property as security for the repayment of a loan. The borrower, known as the mortgagor, promises to repay the lender, or mortgagee, according to the terms outlined in the promissory note. The property itself serves as collateral. If the borrower fails to make payments as agreed, the lender can initiate a judicial foreclosure process. This involves going to court to obtain a judgment to sell the property and use the proceeds to pay off the loan balance, along with any additional fees and penalties. Unlike some states that allow nonjudicial foreclosures through a deed of trust, Florida requires that foreclosures go through the judicial system. This means that the lender must file a lawsuit and obtain a court order to foreclose on the property. The borrower retains ownership of the property until the foreclosure process is complete and the property is sold.