Embezzlement is the fraudulent taking of property by a person to whom the property has been entrusted (or who is in lawful possession of it). The crime of embezzlement is often committed by an employee who embezzles money from the employee’s employer while lawfully handling or controlling the money in the course of the employer’s business operations.

Common forms of embezzlement include an employee (1) transferring money from an employer’s business account to the employee’s personal account; (2) altering the company’s records or books to conceal revenue or income to the employer (which the employee takes); (3) creating fictitious vendors and depositing funds payable to the fictitious vendors into bank accounts controlled by the employee; and (4) charging personal expenses to a business or corporate credit card.

Embezzlement differs from larceny or theft in that the original taking of the property was lawful, or with the consent of the owner—while in larceny or theft the felonious intent must have existed at the time of the taking.

Embezzlement of funds or property from a private employer is usually prosecuted under state law, and the definitions and penalties for the criminal charge of embezzlement are usually included in a state’s statutes. Embezzlement may often be prosecuted as a misdemeanor offense if the amount taken is relatively small (up to $1,500 for example)—or prosecuted as a felony offense for larger amounts of money. Felony convictions for embezzlement often include lengthy jail or prison sentences.

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) requires embezzled funds to be reported as income on an embezzler’s tax return. Because embezzlers rarely report their embezzled funds as income, embezzlers are often prosecuted for federal tax evasion as well as the underlying crime of embezzlement.

Embezzlement is also a crime under federal law if the money or property embezzled belongs to the United States government, or is made under contract with the United States government. See 18 U.S.C. §641.

In Texas, embezzlement is considered a white-collar crime where an individual fraudulently takes property they have been entrusted with, often occurring in an employment context. The severity of the charge in Texas depends on the value of the property embezzled, with smaller amounts potentially constituting a misdemeanor and larger amounts a felony. For example, amounts up to $1,500 could be treated as a misdemeanor, while larger sums would be prosecuted as a felony, potentially leading to significant prison sentences. Additionally, embezzlers in Texas may face federal charges if they fail to report embezzled funds as income, leading to tax evasion charges by the IRS. Furthermore, if the embezzled funds or property belong to the U.S. government or are associated with a federal contract, the crime can be prosecuted under federal law, specifically 18 U.S.C. §641. An attorney can provide specific guidance on the potential consequences and defenses available in cases of embezzlement.