Vandalism is generally the damage, destruction, defacing, or alteration of tangible public or private property, done with criminal intent (intentionally or knowingly). Vandalism charges often arise from (1) damage to a home or dwelling; (2) damage to a place of business; (3) damage to a motor vehicle; (4) damage to a school; (5) defacement or destruction of public or private property (graffiti, etc.); or (6) tampering with public water, gas, power, or communications.

Vandalism is sometimes classified as criminal mischief or reckless damage or destruction of property under state laws. These laws vary from state to state and are generally located in a state’s statutes—usually in the penal or criminal code.

In Iowa, vandalism is typically referred to as 'criminal mischief' under Iowa Code Section 716. Specifically, it involves damage, alteration, defacing, or destruction of property with intent to cause harm or without the consent of the owner. The severity of the charges can range from a simple misdemeanor to a class 'C' felony, depending on factors such as the extent of damage, the value of the property affected, and whether the act caused a disruption of public services or utilities. For example, if the damage is relatively minor (under $300), it may be treated as a simple misdemeanor, but if the damage is significant or endangers human life, the charges can be more severe. Additionally, Iowa law recognizes the specific offense of 'railroad vandalism,' which carries its own penalties. Penalties for criminal mischief in Iowa can include fines, restitution, and imprisonment. It's important for individuals facing such charges to consult with an attorney to understand the specific implications of their case.