Shoplifting or retail theft laws vary from state to state, and in many states the act of shoplifting—taking displayed goods from a commercial retail store during store hours and without paying for the goods—is classified as the criminal offense of theft or larceny.
Shoplifting, theft, and larceny laws are often classified in part by the value of the goods stolen, attempted to be stolen, or intended to be stolen. These laws are generally located in a state’s statutes—often in the penal or criminal code.
In Virginia, shoplifting is considered a form of larceny and is addressed under the state's theft laws. The laws classify shoplifting offenses based on the value of the stolen goods. If the value of the stolen items is less than $1,000, the offense is considered petit larceny, which is a misdemeanor. If the value is $1,000 or more, the offense is classified as grand larceny, which is a felony. Virginia law also includes provisions for concealing merchandise, altering price tags, and transferring goods from one container to another with the intent to steal, all of which are considered forms of shoplifting. Penalties for shoplifting can include fines, restitution to the merchant, community service, and imprisonment. The severity of the punishment typically correlates with the value of the stolen items and the offender's criminal history.