Criminal offenses under state and federal laws are generally categorized by the seriousness of the crime as felonies (more serious) or misdemeanors (less serious). Felonies are offenses that generally may result in prison sentences of more than one year, and misdemeanors carry sentences of one year or less. The United States Congress sets the penalties for all federal criminal offenses, and thus decides which criminal offenses are felonies and which are misdemeanors. And the state legislature in each state decides which criminal offenses are felonies and which are misdemeanors under state law.
In Iowa, as in other states, criminal offenses are categorized into felonies and misdemeanors based on their severity, with felonies being the more serious crimes. Felonies in Iowa can result in prison sentences of more than one year, while misdemeanors typically carry sentences of one year or less. The classification of crimes and the corresponding penalties at the federal level are determined by the United States Congress, which defines federal felonies and misdemeanors. Similarly, the Iowa state legislature is responsible for defining state crimes and their classifications. The Iowa Code outlines the specific offenses that fall under each category and the penalties associated with them. It's important to note that the definitions and penalties for similar crimes may vary between federal law and Iowa state law.