Criminal offenses under state and federal laws are generally categorized by the seriousness of the crime as felonies (more serious) or misdemeanors (less serious). Felonies are offenses that generally may result in prison sentences of more than one year, and misdemeanors carry sentences of one year or less. The United States Congress sets the penalties for all federal criminal offenses, and thus decides which criminal offenses are felonies and which are misdemeanors. And the state legislature in each state decides which criminal offenses are felonies and which are misdemeanors under state law.

In New Mexico (NM), criminal offenses are classified into felonies and misdemeanors based on their severity, similar to the federal system. Felonies are the more serious crimes, potentially leading to prison sentences of more than one year. Examples of felonies include murder, rape, and certain forms of theft or fraud, among others. Misdemeanors are less serious offenses and are punishable by up to one year in jail. These might include petty theft, simple assault, or minor drug offenses. The New Mexico state legislature determines the classification of state crimes and the corresponding penalties. For federal offenses, the classification and penalties are established by the United States Congress. It's important to note that the specific categorization and penalties for crimes can vary, and an attorney can provide detailed information about a particular offense and its potential consequences under both state and federal law.