Some states have laws (statutes) that require a person to accurately provide their identification (ID) (name, residence address, date of birth) to the police if the police have reasonable suspicion to believe (1) a crime has been committed, is being committed, or is about to be committed and (2) the person asked to provide identification is involved as a participant or as a witness. If there is no reasonable suspicion, a person does not have to provide identification—but courts often find reasonable suspicion as a matter of course.

These statutes are sometimes called stop-and-identify laws or stop and ID laws, and the violation of the statute may be a criminal offense or crime known as “failure to ID.” Stop and ID laws vary from state to state in the states that have such laws. For example, in some states failure to ID cannot be the basis for an arrest (there must be an underlying criminal offense) and in some states the obligation to provide identification only applies to a person who has been arrested.

And in some states it is a criminal offense for a person to provide a false or fictitious name, residence address, or date of birth if the person has been detained by police on the basis of reasonable suspicion or is believed to be a witness to a criminal offense.

The United States Supreme Court has held that the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution may allow suspects to refuse to give their name if they have a reasonable belief their name could be incriminating. Kolender v. Lawson, 461 U.S. 352 (1983).

In Arizona, the law regarding providing identification to law enforcement is outlined in Arizona Revised Statutes Section 13-2412, which is Arizona's 'stop and identify' statute. Under this statute, a person who is lawfully detained and who refuses to provide their true full name when asked by a law enforcement officer can be charged with a class 2 misdemeanor. This law applies when an officer has reasonable suspicion that the person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime. However, if the person is not reasonably suspected of involvement in a crime, they are not legally required to provide identification. Additionally, providing false information to a police officer is also a criminal offense in Arizona. It's important to note that the requirement to provide identification does not override the Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. If an individual reasonably believes that providing their name could be incriminating, as per the Supreme Court ruling in Kolender v. Lawson, they may have the right to refuse to provide their name to law enforcement.