Child abuse is generally the mistreatment of a child by a parent or caregiver—through actions or inactions—that causes injury, death, or emotional harm to the child—or that places the child at serious risk of such injury, death, or emotional harm. Mistreatment that constitutes child abuse may take many forms, including neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, failure to supervise, and exploitation. Child abuse laws vary from state to state and are usually located in a state’s family code and criminal or penal code.
In New Mexico, child abuse is addressed under both the Children's Code (NMSA 1978, Sections 32A-1-1 et seq.) and the Criminal Code (NMSA 1978, Sections 30-6-1 et seq.). The state defines child abuse as the mistreatment of a child by a parent, guardian, or caregiver that results in harm or a substantial risk of harm to the child's health or welfare. This can include physical, sexual, or emotional abuse, as well as neglect, abandonment, or exploitation. New Mexico law requires certain professionals and others to report suspected child abuse or neglect to the appropriate authorities, such as the Children, Youth, and Families Department (CYFD) or law enforcement. Failure to report can result in legal consequences. The state takes allegations of child abuse seriously, and those found guilty of abuse can face severe penalties, including imprisonment, fines, and loss of parental rights.