Carjacking is a type of robbery in which the criminal uses force or the threat of force to take possession and control of an automobile—usually when the victim is inside or near the automobile. Carjacking laws vary from state to state, and are usually located in a state’s penal code. Carjacking is also a federal crime when the stolen vehicle is transported, shipped, or received in interstate or foreign commerce (generally, transported across state lines).
In Iowa, carjacking is considered a serious crime and is addressed under the state's robbery statutes. Iowa Code Section 711.1 defines robbery as committing an assault while perpetrating a theft, and this would include the act of carjacking. The severity of the charge can range from a Class C felony for a robbery without a weapon (which can result in up to 10 years in prison) to a Class B felony for a robbery with a dangerous weapon (which can lead to up to 25 years in prison). Additionally, if the carjacking incident results in serious injury to another person, the offender may face a Class B felony charge, regardless of whether a weapon was involved. On the federal level, carjacking becomes a federal crime under 18 U.S.C. § 2119 when the stolen vehicle is transported across state lines, which can lead to severe federal penalties including imprisonment. It's important for individuals facing such charges to consult with an attorney who is knowledgeable in both state and federal criminal law.