The crime of assault varies from state to state (and under federal law), but is generally defined as intentionally putting another person in reasonable apprehension or fear of an imminent (immediate) harmful or offensive contact. The crime of assault may be committed even if there is no physical contact, as the criminal physical contact constitutes the separate crime of battery. In many states assaulting a police officer or peace officer who is performing official duties (such as making a lawful arrest) is a more serious offense—sometimes a felony.

In Indiana, assault is not specifically defined as a standalone offense in the criminal code. Instead, Indiana law combines the concept of assault with battery, defining battery as knowingly or intentionally touching another person in a rude, insolent, or angry manner, or in a manner that results in bodily injury. Therefore, what is commonly referred to as 'assault' in other states may be prosecuted under battery laws in Indiana. The state does have specific provisions that enhance the penalties for battery if it is committed against a law enforcement officer or public safety official while they are performing their official duties. Such an offense can indeed be charged as a felony, which carries more severe penalties than a misdemeanor. The exact classification and penalties for battery offenses vary depending on factors such as the severity of injury caused, whether the victim is a member of a protected class (such as a police officer), and the perpetrator's criminal history.