The crime of assault varies from state to state (and under federal law), but is generally defined as intentionally putting another person in reasonable apprehension or fear of an imminent (immediate) harmful or offensive contact. The crime of assault may be committed even if there is no physical contact, as the criminal physical contact constitutes the separate crime of battery. In many states assaulting a police officer or peace officer who is performing official duties (such as making a lawful arrest) is a more serious offense—sometimes a felony.

In Florida, assault is defined under Florida Statute 784.011 as an intentional, unlawful threat by word or act to do violence to another person, coupled with an apparent ability to do so, and doing some act which creates a well-founded fear in the other person that such violence is imminent. This means that for an action to be considered assault in Florida, there does not need to be physical contact; the threat itself with the capability to carry it out is sufficient. Assault is typically classified as a second-degree misdemeanor in Florida. However, if the assault is committed against certain individuals, such as a police officer, firefighter, emergency medical care provider, public transit employees or agents, or other specified officers, the offense is reclassified as a first-degree misdemeanor, according to Florida Statute 784.07. This enhancement reflects the state's position on the seriousness of assaults against individuals serving in these roles. Additionally, assaulting a law enforcement officer may come with minimum sentencing requirements, reflecting the gravity of the offense.