An alibi is a form of evidence used to defend against a criminal charge by demonstrating that the accused was somewhere other than the scene of the crime when the crime was committed.
In Utah, as in other states, an alibi is a defense strategy used in criminal proceedings where the defendant aims to prove they were in a different location at the time the crime was committed and therefore could not have been involved in the alleged criminal act. The Utah Rules of Criminal Procedure, specifically Rule 12.1, require a defendant who intends to rely on an alibi defense to notify the prosecution. The defendant must provide the prosecution with the specific place or places where they claim to have been at the time of the alleged offense, as well as the names and addresses of the witnesses they intend to use to support their alibi. In turn, the prosecution is required to respond with the names and addresses of the witnesses that will be used to refute the alibi. This exchange of information is designed to prevent surprise at trial and to allow both sides to investigate the validity of the alibi claim. Failure to provide notice of an alibi may result in the evidence being excluded at trial.