An alibi is a form of evidence used to defend against a criminal charge by demonstrating that the accused was somewhere other than the scene of the crime when the crime was committed.
In Iowa, as in other jurisdictions, an alibi is a defense strategy used in criminal proceedings where the defendant aims to prove they were in a different location at the time the alleged crime was committed, and therefore could not have been involved in committing the crime. The alibi defense typically involves presenting evidence such as witness testimony, receipts, videos, or electronic records that establish the defendant's presence elsewhere. Under Iowa Rule of Criminal Procedure 2.5(3), if a defendant intends to rely on an alibi defense, they must notify the prosecution in writing of their intent to claim an alibi, along with the specific place or places where they claim to have been at the time of the alleged offense, and the names and addresses of the witnesses they intend to use to support the alibi. This notice must be given within a reasonable time before trial, as specified by the court, to allow the prosecution to investigate the validity of the alibi and prepare for cross-examination of the alibi witnesses.