An alibi is a form of evidence used to defend against a criminal charge by demonstrating that the accused was somewhere other than the scene of the crime when the crime was committed.
In Arizona, as in other jurisdictions, an alibi is a defense strategy used in criminal proceedings where the defendant aims to prove they were in a different location at the time the alleged crime was committed, and therefore could not have been involved in committing the crime. The rules governing the use of alibi defenses in Arizona are not distinct from general legal principles found across the United States. Arizona Rule of Criminal Procedure 15.2(b) requires that if a defendant intends to present an alibi defense, they must provide the prosecution with a notice of alibi. This notice must include specific information about where the defendant claims to have been at the time of the alleged offense, as well as the names and addresses of witnesses the defense intends to call to support the alibi claim. The prosecution is then allowed to investigate the alibi and, if necessary, present evidence to refute it during the trial. Failure to provide a timely notice of alibi can result in the exclusion of alibi evidence at trial, unless the court finds that the lack of notice did not prejudice the prosecution's ability to investigate the claims or that justice requires the evidence to be admitted.