Sexual assault is generally forced sexual intercourse, sodomy, or other sexual penetration of another person—against the person’s will and without the person’s consent. And although precise definitions and punishments vary from state to state, the criminal offense of aggravated sexual assault of a child includes the aggravating circumstance of the victim being a child under a certain age, as defined by the statute—which increases the severity of the crime.

In Iowa, sexual assault is legally referred to as 'sexual abuse' and is defined under Iowa Code Section 709. Sexual abuse occurs when there is any sex act committed by force or against the will of the other party, which can include sexual intercourse, sodomy, or any sexual penetration without consent. The severity of the crime is categorized into three degrees, with first-degree being the most serious. Aggravated sexual assault of a child is particularly severe and is typically prosecuted under first-degree sexual abuse if the victim is under the age of 12. This is considered a Class 'A' felony, which carries a potential sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. The age of the child and the circumstances of the offense can lead to enhanced penalties and mandatory minimum sentences. It's important to note that consent is not considered a defense when the victim is below a certain age, which in Iowa is under the age of 16. Additionally, Iowa law includes 'mandatory reporter' provisions, requiring certain professionals to report suspected child abuse, including sexual abuse, to authorities.