Estoppel is a legal principle that prevents a person or entity from asserting a legal right or taking a legal position that contradicts or is inconsistent with its earlier position, behavior, or agreement. The person or entity is said to be “estopped” from changing its position, behavior, or agreement because another person or entity has relied on its earlier position, behavior, or agreement (detrimental reliance).
In West Virginia, estoppel is a legal doctrine that operates to bar a party from asserting a claim or a defense that contradicts the party's previous statements or behaviors when another party has relied on those statements or behaviors to their detriment. This principle is designed to prevent injustice due to inconsistency and is often applied in various legal contexts, including contract disputes, property law, and employment law. Estoppel can take several forms, such as promissory estoppel, equitable estoppel, and estoppel by deed. The specific application of estoppel can vary depending on the facts of each case, and West Virginia courts will consider the particular circumstances, including the representations made and the reliance by the other party, to determine if estoppel is appropriate.