Causes of action in civil litigation are specific claims provided by law that serve as the basis for parties to a lawsuit to recover money or property from each other—or to provide other legal or equitable relief, such as a court order requiring or prohibiting some act (injunctive relief). Examples of causes of action include breach of contract, fraud, breach of fiduciary duty, and negligence. Causes of action (also called claims) are usually located in a state or federal statute, or in court opinions (common law).

In West Virginia (WV), as in other states, causes of action in civil litigation are the legal grounds on which a plaintiff bases their lawsuit to seek remedies such as monetary compensation, the return of property, or injunctive relief. Common causes of action include breach of contract, where one party fails to fulfill their contractual obligations; fraud, involving intentional deception for personal gain; breach of fiduciary duty, where an individual fails to act in the best interest of another while in a position of trust; and negligence, where harm results from a party's failure to exercise reasonable care. These claims can be found in both state statutes and federal law, as well as in the body of court decisions known as common law. In WV, the specifics of these causes of action and the procedures for pursuing them in court are outlined in the West Virginia Code and interpreted by state court rulings. It is important for parties considering civil litigation to consult with an attorney to understand the specific legal requirements and precedents that apply to their case.