(a) Communications and information obtained in the course of treatment or evaluation of any client or patient are confidential information. Such confidential information includes the fact that a person is or has been a client or patient, information transmitted by a patient or client or family thereof for purposes relating to diagnosis or treatment, information transmitted by persons participating in the accomplishment of the objectives of diagnosis or treatment, all diagnoses or opinions formed regarding a client’s or patient’s physical, mental, or emotional condition, any advice, instructions, or prescriptions issued in the course of diagnosis or treatment, and any record or characterization of the matters hereinbefore described. It does not include information which does not identify a client or patient, information from which a person acquainted with a client or patient would not recognize such client or patient, and de-identified information from which there is no possible means to identify a client or patient.

(b) Confidential information shall not be disclosed, except:

(1) In a proceeding under §27-5-4 of this code to disclose the results of an involuntary examination made pursuant to §27-5-2, §27-5-3, or §27-5-4 of this code;

(2) In a proceeding under §27-6A-1 et seq. of this code to disclose the results of an involuntary examination made pursuant thereto;

(3) Pursuant to an order of any court based upon a finding that the information is sufficiently relevant to a proceeding before the court to outweigh the importance of maintaining the confidentiality established by this section;

(4) To provide notice to the federal National Instant Criminal Background Check System, established pursuant to section 103(d) of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, 18 U.S.C. § 922, in accordance with §61-7A-1 et seq. of this code;

(5) To protect against a clear and substantial danger of imminent injury by a patient or client to himself, herself, or another;

(6) Pursuant to and as provided for under the federal privacy rule of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 in 45 CFR §164, as amended under the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of the American and the Omnibus Final Rule, 78 FR 5566; or

(7) In a proceeding held under §44A-3-17 of this code or as required by §44A-3-18 of this code.