(a) General rule.--Until the association makes a common expense assessment, the declarant shall pay all common expenses. After any assessment has been made by the association, assessments must be made at least annually, based on a budget adopted at least annually by the association, subject, however, to the provisions of section 4303(c) (relating to executive board members and officers) concerning ratification of the budget by the association.

(b) Allocation and interest.--Except for assessments under subsections (c), (d) and (e) and except as provided in subsection (g) with respect to cooperative interests owned by declarant, all common expenses must be assessed against all the cooperative interests in accordance with the allocations set forth in the declaration pursuant to section 4207(a) (relating to allocation of ownership interests, votes and common expense liabilities). Any past due common expense assessment or installment thereof shall bear interest at the rate established by the association from time to time by prior written notice to all propriety lessees.

(c) Limited expenses.--Unless otherwise required by the declaration or as is otherwise provided in section 4321(j) (relating to limited equity cooperatives):

(1) any common expense associated with the maintenance, repair or replacement of a limited common element must be assessed against the cooperative interests for the units to which that limited common element is assigned equally or in any other proportion that the declaration provides; and

(2) any common expense or portion thereof benefiting fewer than all of the units must be assessed exclusively against the cooperative interests for the units benefited.

(d) Insurance costs.--If required by the declaration, the costs of insurance must be assessed in proportion to risk, and the costs of utilities must be assessed in proportion to usage.

(e) Payment of judgments.--Assessments to pay a judgment against the association (section 4317(a)) may be made only against the cooperative interests in the cooperative at the time the judgment was entered, in proportion to their common expense liabilities.

(f) Common expense attributable to proprietary lessee.--If any common expense is caused by the action or failure to act of any proprietary lessee, the association may assess that expense exclusively against him or his cooperative interest or both of them.

(g) Reallocated common expense liabilities.--If common expense liabilities are reallocated, common expense assessments and any installment thereof not yet due shall be recalculated in accordance with the reallocated common expense liabilities.

(h) Crediting of excess assessments.--Any amounts accumulated from assessments for limited common expenses and income from the operation of limited common elements to which such limited common expenses pertain in excess of the amount required for actual limited common expenses and reserves for future limited common expenses shall be credited to the cooperative interest assessed for a share of such limited common expenses in proportion to the share of such limited common expenses so assessed. Unless the declaration provides otherwise, the credits shall be applied to the next monthly assessments of limited common expenses against the cooperative interest under the then current fiscal year's budget and, thereafter, until exhausted. Any amounts accumulated from assessments for general common expenses and income from the operation of the common elements, other than limited common elements with regard to which limited common expenses are assessed, in excess of the amount required for actual general common expenses and reserve for future general common expenses shall be credited to each cooperative interest in accordance with the allocations set forth in the declaration, unless the declaration provides otherwise, to the next monthly assessments of general common expenses against the cooperative interest under the then current fiscal year's budget and thereafter, until exhausted.

Cross References. Section 4314 is referred to in sections 4102, 4313, 4315, 4317, 4321, 4409 of this title.