(b) The external appeal agent shall make a determination with respect to the appeal within thirty days of the receipt of the request therefor, submitted in accordance with the commissioner's instructions. The external appeal agent shall have the opportunity to request additional information from the enrollee, the enrollee's health care provider and the enrollee's health care plan within such thirty-day period, in which case the agent shall have up to five additional business days if necessary to make such determination. The external appeal agent shall notify the enrollee, the enrollee's health care provider where appropriate, and the health care plan, in writing, of the appeal determination within two business days of the rendering of such determination.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this subdivision, if the enrollee's attending physician states that a delay in providing the health care service would pose an imminent or serious threat to the health of the enrollee, or if the enrollee is entitled to an expedited external appeal pursuant to section 2719 of the federal Public Health Service Act, 42 U.S.C. § 300gg-19, the external appeal shall be completed within no more than seventy-two hours of the request therefor and the external appeal agent shall make every reasonable attempt to immediately notify the enrollee, the enrollee's health care provider where appropriate, and the health plan of its determination by telephone or facsimile, followed immediately by written notification of such determination.

(d) (A) For external appeals requested pursuant to paragraph (a) of subdivision two of section forty-nine hundred ten of this title, the external appeal agent shall review the utilization review agent's final adverse determination and, in accordance with the provisions of this title, shall make a determination as to whether the health care plan acted reasonably and with sound medical judgment and in the best interest of the patient. When the external appeal agent makes its determination, it shall consider the clinical standards of the plan, the information provided concerning the patient, the attending physician's recommendation, and applicable generally accepted practice guidelines developed by the federal government, national or professional medical societies, boards and associations. Provided that such determination shall:

(i) be conducted only by one or a greater odd number of clinical peer reviewers,

(ii) be accompanied by a notice of appeal determination which shall include the reasons for the determination; provided, however, that where the final adverse determination is upheld on appeal, the notice shall include the clinical rationale, if any, for such determination,

(iii) be subject to the terms and conditions generally applicable to benefits under the evidence of coverage under the health care plan,

(iv) be binding on the plan and the enrollee, and

(v) be admissible in any court proceeding.

(B) For external appeals requested pursuant to paragraph (b) of subdivision two of section forty-nine hundred ten of this title, the external appeal agent shall review the proposed health service or procedure for which coverage has been denied and, in accordance with the provisions of this title and the external agent's experimental and investigational treatment review plan, make a determination as to whether the patient costs of such health service or procedure shall be covered by the health care plan; provided that such determination shall:

(i) be conducted by a panel of three or a greater odd number of clinical peer reviewers,

(ii) be accompanied by a written statement:

(1) that the patient costs of the proposed health service or procedure shall be covered by the health care plan either: when a majority of the panel of reviewers determines, based upon review of the applicable medical and scientific evidence and, in connection with rare diseases, the physician's certification required by subdivision seven-g of section forty-nine hundred of this article and such other evidence as the enrollee, the enrollee's designee or the enrollee's attending physician may present (or upon confirmation that the recommended treatment is a clinical trial), the enrollee's medical record, and any other pertinent information, that the proposed health service or treatment (including a pharmaceutical product within the meaning of subparagraph (B) of paragraph (b) of subdivision five of section forty-nine hundred of this article) is likely to be more beneficial than any standard treatment or treatments for the enrollee's condition or disease or, for rare diseases, that the requested health service or procedure is likely to benefit the enrollee in the treatment of the enrollee's rare disease and that such benefit to the enrollee outweighs the risks of such health service or procedure (or, in the case of a clinical trial, is likely to benefit the enrollee in the treatment of the enrollee's condition or disease); or when a reviewing panel is evenly divided as to a determination concerning coverage of the health service or procedure, or

(2) upholding the health plan's denial of coverage,

(iii) be subject to the terms and conditions generally applicable to benefits under the evidence of coverage under the health care plan,

(iv) be binding on the plan and the enrollee, and

(v) be admissible in any court proceeding. As used in this subparagraph (B) with respect to a clinical trial, patient costs shall include all costs of health services required to provide treatment to the enrollee according to the design of the trial. Such costs shall not include the costs of any investigational drugs or devices themselves, the cost of any nonhealth services that might be required for the enrollee to receive the treatment, the costs of managing the research, or costs which would not be covered under the policy for noninvestigational treatments.

(C) For external appeals requested pursuant to paragraph (c) of subdivision two of section four thousand nine hundred ten of this title relating to an out-of-network denial, the external appeal agent shall review the utilization review agent's final adverse determination and, in accordance with the provisions of this title, shall make a determination as to whether the out-of-network health service shall be covered by the health plan.

(i) The external appeal agent shall assign one clinical peer reviewer to make a determination as to whether the out-of-network health service is materially different from the health service available in-network.

(ii) If a determination is made that the out-of-network health service is not materially different from the health service available in-network the out-of-network health service shall not be covered by the health plan.

(iii) If a determination is made that the out-of-network health service is materially different from the health service available in-network, the external appeal agent shall assign a panel with an additional two or a greater odd number of clinical peer reviewers which shall make a determination as to whether the out-of-network health service shall be covered by the health plan; provided that such determination shall:

(1) be accompanied by a written statement that:

(I) the out-of-network health service shall be covered by the health care plan either: when a majority of the panel of reviewers determines, upon review of the health service requested by the enrollee, the alternate recommended health service proposed by the plan, the clinical standards of the plan, the information provided concerning the enrollee, the attending physician's recommendation, the applicable medical and scientific evidence, the enrollee's medical record, and any other pertinent information that the out-of-network health service is likely to be more clinically beneficial than the proposed in-network health service and the adverse risk of the requested health service would likely not be substantially increased over the in-network health service; or

(II) uphold the health plan's denial of coverage.

(2) be subject to the terms and conditions generally applicable to benefits under the evidence of coverage under the health care plan;

(3) be binding on the plan and the enrollee; and

(4) be admissible in any court proceeding.

(D) For external appeals requested pursuant to paragraph (d) of subdivision two of section four thousand nine hundred ten of this title relating to an out-of-network referral denial, the external appeal agent shall review the utilization review agent's final adverse determination and, in accordance with the provisions of this title, shall make a determination as to whether the out-of-network referral shall be covered by the health plan; provided that such determination shall:

(i) be conducted only by one or a greater odd number of clinical peer reviewers;

(ii) be accompanied by a written statement:

(1) that the out-of-network referral shall be covered by the health care plan either when the reviewer or a majority of the panel of reviewers determines, upon review of the training and experience of the in-network health care provider or providers proposed by the plan, the training and experience of the requested out-of-network provider, the clinical standards of the plan, the information provided concerning the enrollee, the attending physician's recommendation, the enrollee's medical record, and any other pertinent information, that the health plan does not have a provider with the appropriate training and experience to meet the particular health care needs of an enrollee who is able to provide the requested health service, and that the out-of-network provider has the appropriate training and experience to meet the particular health care needs of an enrollee, is able to provide the requested health service, and is likely to produce a more clinically beneficial outcome; or

(2) upholding the health plan's denial of coverage;

(iii) be subject to the terms and conditions generally applicable to benefits under the evidence of coverage under the health care plan;

(iv) be binding on the plan and the enrollee; and

(v) be admissible in any court proceeding. 3. No external appeal agent or clinical peer reviewer conducting an external appeal shall be liable in damages to any person for any opinions rendered by such external appeal agent or clinical peer reviewer upon completion of an external appeal conducted pursuant to this section, unless such opinion was rendered in bad faith or involved gross negligence. 4. (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this subdivision, payment for an external appeal shall be the responsibility of the health care plan. The health care plan shall make payment to the external appeal agent within forty-five days from the date the appeal determination is received by the health care plan, and the health care plan shall be obligated to pay such amount together with interest thereon calculated at a rate which is the greater of the rate set by the commissioner of taxation and finance for corporate taxes pursuant to paragraph one of subsection (e) of section one thousand ninety-six of the tax law or twelve percent per annum, to be computed from the date the bill was required to be paid, in the event that payment is not made within such forty-five days.

(b) If an enrollee's health care provider requests an external appeal of a concurrent adverse determination and the external appeal agent upholds the health care plan's determination in whole, payment for the external appeal shall be made by the health care provider in the manner and subject to the timeframes and requirements set forth in paragraph (a) of this subdivision.

(c) If an enrollee's health care provider requests an external appeal of a concurrent adverse determination and the external appeal agent upholds the health care plan's determination in part, payment for the external appeal shall be evenly divided between the health care plan and the enrollee's health care provider who requested the external appeal and shall be made by the health care plan and the enrollee's health care provider in the manner and subject to the timeframes and requirements set forth in paragraph (a) of this subdivision; provided, however, that the commissioner may, upon a determination by the superintendent of financial services that health care plans or health care providers are experiencing a substantial hardship as a result of payment for the external appeal when the external appeal agent upholds the health care plan's determination in part, in consultation with the superintendent, promulgate regulations to limit such hardship.

(d) If an enrollee's health care provider was acting as the enrollee's designee, payment for the external appeal shall be made by the health care plan. The external appeal and any designation shall be submitted on a standard form developed by the commissioner in consultation with the superintendent of financial services pursuant to subdivision five of this section. The superintendent of financial services shall have the authority upon receipt of an external appeal to confirm the designation or request other information as necessary, in which case the superintendent of financial services shall make at least two written requests to the enrollee to confirm the designation. The enrollee shall have two weeks to respond to each such request. If the enrollee fails to respond to the superintendent of financial services within the specified timeframe, the superintendent of financial services shall make two written requests to the health care provider to file an external appeal on his or her own behalf. The health care provider shall have two weeks to respond to each such request. If the health care provider does not respond to the superintendent of financial services requests within the specified timeframe, the superintendent of financial services shall reject the appeal. If the health care provider responds to the superintendent's requests, payment for the external appeal shall be made in accordance with paragraphs (b) and (c) of this subdivision. 5. The commissioner, in consultation with the superintendent of financial services, shall promulgate by regulation a standard description of the external appeal process established under this section, which shall provide a standard form and instructions for the initiation of an external appeal by an enrollee.