(a) whether the drug requires monitoring of prescribing protocols to protect both the long-term efficacy of the drug and the public health;

(b) the potential for, or a history of, overuse, abuse, drug diversion or illegal utilization; and

(c) the potential for, or a history of, utilization inconsistent with approved indications. Where the commissioner finds that a drug meets at least one of these criteria, in determining whether to make the drug subject to prior authorization under the clinical drug review program, the commissioner shall consider whether similarly effective alternatives are available for the same disease state and the effect of that availability or lack of availability. 4. The commissioner shall obtain an evaluation of the factors set forth in subdivision three of this section and a recommendation as to the establishment of a prior authorization requirement for a drug under the clinical drug review program from the drug utilization review board. For this purpose, the commissioner and the board, as applicable, shall comply with the following meeting and notice processes established by this article:

(a) the open meetings law and freedom of information law provisions of subdivision six of section two hundred seventy-one of this article; and

(b) the public notice and interested party provisions of subdivisions seven, eight and nine of section two hundred seventy-two of this article. 5. The board shall recommend a procedure and criteria for the approval of drugs subject to prior authorization under the clinical drug review program. Such criteria shall include the specific approved clinical indications for use of the drug. 6. The commissioner shall identify a drug for which prior authorization is required, as well as the procedures and criteria for approval of use of the drug, under the clinical drug review program after considering the recommendations from the board and any comments received from prescribers, dispensers, consumers and manufacturers of the drug. In no event shall the prior authorization criteria for approval pursuant to this subdivision result in denial of the prior authorization request based on the relative cost of the drug subject to prior authorization. 7. In the event that the patient does not meet the criteria for approval established by the commissioner in subdivision six of this section, the clinical drug review program shall provide a reasonable opportunity for a prescriber to reasonably present his or her justification for prior authorization. If, after consultation with the program, the prescriber, in his or her reasonable professional judgment, determines that the use of the prescription drug is warranted, the prescriber's determination shall be final and prior authorization shall be granted under this section; provided, however, that prior authorization may be denied in cases where the department has substantial evidence that the prescriber or patient is engaged in fraud or abuse relating to the drug. 8. In the event that a patient presents a prescription to a pharmacist for a prescription drug that requires prior authorization under this section and for which prior authorization has not been obtained, the pharmacist shall, within a prompt period based on professional judgment, notify the prescriber. The prescriber shall, within a prompt period based on professional judgment, either seek prior authorization or shall contact the pharmacist and amend or cancel the prescription. The pharmacist shall, within a prompt period based on professional judgment, notify the patient when prior authorization has been obtained or denied or when the prescription has been amended or cancelled. 9. In the instance where a prior authorization determination is not completed within twenty-four hours of the original request solely as the result of a failure of the program (whether by action or inaction), prior authorization shall be immediately and automatically granted without further action by the prescriber and the prescriber shall be notified of this determination. In the instance where a prior authorization determination is not completed within twenty-four hours of the original request for any other reason, a seventy-two hour supply of the medication will be approved by the program and the prescriber shall be notified of the determination. 10. When, in the judgment of the prescriber or the pharmacist, an emergency condition exists, and the prescriber or pharmacist notifies the program to confirm that such an emergency condition exists, a seventy-two hour emergency supply of the drug prescribed shall be immediately authorized by the program. 11. The department or the panel shall monitor the prior authorization process for prescribing patterns which are suspected of endangering the health and safety of the patient or which demonstrate a likelihood of fraud or abuse. The department or the panel shall take any and all actions otherwise permitted by law to investigate such prescribing patterns, to take remedial action and to enforce applicable federal and state laws. 12. The commissioner may implement all or a portion of the clinical drug review program through contracts with administrators with expertise in management of pharmacy services, subject to applicable laws. 13. No prior authorization under the clinical drug review program shall be required for any prescription under EPIC until the commissioner has made prior authorization applicable to EPIC under section two hundred seventy-five of this article. 14. For the period of eighteen months, commencing with the date of enactment of this article, the commissioner is authorized to continue prior authorization requirements for prescription drugs subject to prior authorization as of one day prior to the enactment of this article and which are not described in subdivision fourteen of section two hundred seventy-two of this article. At the conclusion of the eighteen month period, any such drug shall be subject to the clinical drug review program requirements of this section; provided, however, that the commissioner is authorized to immediately subject any such drug to prior authorization without regard to the provisions of subdivisions three through six of this section.