As used in the Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Code:

A. "aversive stimuli" means anything that, because it is believed to be unreasonably unpleasant, uncomfortable or distasteful to the client, is administered or done to the client for the purpose of reducing the frequency of a behavior, but does not include verbal therapies, physical restrictions to prevent imminent harm to self or others or psychotropic medications that are not used for purposes of punishment;

B. "client" means any patient who is requesting or receiving mental health services or any person requesting or receiving developmental disabilities services or who is present in a mental health or developmental disabilities facility for the purpose of receiving such services or who has been placed in a mental health or developmental disabilities facility by the person's parent or guardian or by any court order;

C. "code" means the Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Code;

D. "consistent with the least drastic means principle" means that the habilitation or treatment and the conditions of habilitation or treatment for the client, separately and in combination:

(1) are no more harsh, hazardous or intrusive than necessary to achieve acceptable treatment objectives for the client;

(2) involve no restrictions on physical movement and no requirement for residential care except as reasonably necessary for the administration of treatment or for the protection of the client or others from physical injury; and

(3) are conducted at the suitable available facility closest to the client's place of residence;

E. "convulsive treatment" means any form of mental health treatment that depends upon creation of a convulsion by any means, including but not limited to electroconvulsive treatment and insulin coma treatment;

F. "court" means a district court of New Mexico;

G. "department" or "division" means the behavioral health services division of the human services department;

H. "developmental disability" means a disability of a person that is attributable to mental retardation, cerebral palsy, autism or neurological dysfunction that requires treatment or habilitation similar to that provided to persons with mental retardation;

I. "evaluation facility" means a community mental health or developmental disability program or a medical facility that has psychiatric or developmental disability services available, including the New Mexico behavioral health institute at Las Vegas, the Los Lunas medical center or, if none of the foregoing is reasonably available or appropriate, the office of a physician or a certified psychologist, and that is capable of performing a mental status examination adequate to determine the need for involuntary treatment;

J. "experimental treatment" means any mental health or developmental disabilities treatment that presents significant risk of physical harm, but does not include accepted treatment used in competent practice of medicine and psychology and supported by scientifically acceptable studies;

K. "grave passive neglect" means failure to provide for basic personal or medical needs or for one's own safety to such an extent that it is more likely than not that serious bodily harm will result in the near future;

L. "habilitation" means the process by which professional persons and their staff assist a client with a developmental disability in acquiring and maintaining those skills and behaviors that enable the person to cope more effectively with the demands of the person's self and environment and to raise the level of the person's physical, mental and social efficiency. "Habilitation" includes but is not limited to programs of formal, structured education and treatment;

M. "likelihood of serious harm to oneself" means that it is more likely than not that in the near future the person will attempt to commit suicide or will cause serious bodily harm to the person's self by violent or other self-destructive means, including grave passive neglect;

N. "likelihood of serious harm to others" means that it is more likely than not that in the near future a person will inflict serious, unjustified bodily harm on another person or commit a criminal sexual offense, as evidenced by behavior causing, attempting or threatening such harm, which behavior gives rise to a reasonable fear of such harm from the person;

O. "mental disorder" means substantial disorder of a person's emotional processes, thought or cognition that grossly impairs judgment, behavior or capacity to recognize reality, but does not mean developmental disability;

P. "mental health or developmental disabilities professional" means a physician or other professional who by training or experience is qualified to work with persons with a mental disorder or a developmental disability;

Q. "physician" or "certified psychologist", when used for the purpose of hospital admittance or discharge, means a physician or certified psychologist who has been granted admitting privileges at a hospital licensed by the department of health, if such privileges are required;

R. "protected health information" means individually identifiable health information transmitted by or maintained in an electronic form or any other form or media that relates to the:

(1) past, present or future physical or mental health or condition of an individual;

(2) provision of health care to an individual; or

(3) payment for the provision of health care to an individual;

S. "psychosurgery":

(1) means those operations currently referred to as lobotomy, psychiatric surgery and behavioral surgery and all other forms of brain surgery if the surgery is performed for the purpose of the following:

(a) modification or control of thoughts, feelings, actions or behavior rather than the treatment of a known and diagnosed physical disease of the brain;

(b) treatment of abnormal brain function or normal brain tissue in order to control thoughts, feelings, actions or behavior; or

(c) treatment of abnormal brain function or abnormal brain tissue in order to modify thoughts, feelings, actions or behavior when the abnormality is not an established cause for those thoughts, feelings, actions or behavior; and

(2) does not include prefrontal sonic treatment in which there is no destruction of brain tissue;

T. "qualified mental health professional licensed for independent practice" means an independent social worker, a licensed professional clinical mental health counselor, a marriage and family therapist, a certified nurse practitioner or a clinical nurse specialist with a specialty in mental health, all of whom by training and experience are qualified to work with persons with a mental disorder;

U. "residential treatment or habilitation program" means diagnosis, evaluation, care, treatment or habilitation rendered inside or on the premises of a mental health or developmental disabilities facility, hospital, clinic, institution or supervisory residence or nursing home when the client resides on the premises; and

V. "treatment" means any effort to accomplish a significant change in the mental or emotional condition or behavior of the client.

History: 1953 Comp., § 34-2A-2, enacted by Laws 1977, ch. 279, § 2; 1978, ch. 161, § 1; 1979, ch. 213, § 1; 1979, ch. 396, § 1; 1989, ch. 128, § 3; 1993, ch. 77, § 231; 2005, ch. 313, § 11; 2007, ch. 46, § 42; 2007, ch. 325, § 9; 2013, ch. 39, § 1; 2016, ch. 84, § 15.

The 2016 amendment, effective July 1, 2016, defined "protective health information" as used in the Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Code; in Subsection M, after "including", deleted "but not limited to"; and added a new Subsection R and redesignated the succeeding subsections accordingly.

The 2013 amendment, effective June 14, 2013, defined "qualified mental health professional licensed for independent practice"; in Subsection I, after "the office of a", deleted "licensed"; in Subsection O, after "mental", deleted "disability" and added "disorder"; in Subsection P, after "persons with a mental", deleted "disability" and added "disorder"; and added Subsection S.

The 2007 amendment, effective June 15, 2007, changed "department of health" to "human services department".

The 2005 amendment, effective June 17, 2005, in Subsection G, defined "division"; in Subsection I, changed the name of the Las Vegas medical center to the New Mexico behavioral institute at Las Vegas and changed the name of the Los Lunas hospital and training school to the Los Lunas medical center ; and deleted Subsection U, which defined "division".

The 1993 amendment, effective July 1, 1993, substituted "department of health" for "health and environment department" in Subsections G, Q, and U; substituted "shall be capable" for "must be capable" near the end of Subsection I; deleted former Subsection U, defining "residential treatment program for mental disorders"; and redesignated former Subsection V as present Subsection U.

The 1989 amendment, effective June 16, 1989, in Subsection I substituted "including the Las Vegas Medical Center" for "the New Mexico state hospital" and added all of the language following "physician"; added present Subsection K; redesignated former Subsections K through O as present Subsections L through P; deleted "as evidenced by behavior causing, attempting or threatening the infliction of serious bodily harm to himself" at the end of present Subsection M; added "but does not mean developmental disability" at the end of present Subsection O; added present Subsection Q; redesignated former Subsections P through U as present Subsections R through V; and made minor stylistic changes throughout the section.

Behavior threatening harm sufficient. — The behavior at issue in Subsections M and N does not have to have caused the requisite harm; behavior threatening the requisite harm is sufficient. State v. Pernell, 1979-NMCA-008, 92 N.M. 490, 590 P.2d 638.

Law reviews. — For article, "Treating Children Under the New Mexico Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Code," see 10 N.M.L. Rev. 279 (1980).

Am. Jur. 2d, A.L.R. and C.J.S. references. — Test or criterion of mental condition within contemplation of statute providing for commitment of persons because of mental condition, 158 A.L.R. 1220.

Standard of proof required under statute providing for commitment of sexual offenders or sexual psychopaths, 96 A.L.R.3d 840.