1. Except as otherwise provided in this section, if a unit’s owner or a tenant or an invitee of a unit’s owner or a tenant violates any provision of the governing documents of an association, the executive board may, if the governing documents so provide:

(a) Prohibit, for a reasonable time, the unit’s owner or the tenant or the invitee of the unit’s owner or the tenant from:

(1) Voting on matters related to the common-interest community.

(2) Using the common elements. The provisions of this subparagraph do not prohibit the unit’s owner or the tenant or the invitee of the unit’s owner or the tenant from using any vehicular or pedestrian ingress or egress to go to or from the unit, including any area used for parking.

(b) Impose a fine against the unit’s owner or the tenant or the invitee of the unit’s owner or the tenant for each violation, except that:

(1) A fine may not be imposed for a violation that is the subject of a construction penalty pursuant to NRS 116.310305; and

(2) A fine may not be imposed against a unit’s owner or a tenant or invitee of a unit’s owner or a tenant for a violation of the governing documents which involves a vehicle and which is committed by a person who is delivering goods to, or performing services for, the unit’s owner or tenant or invitee of the unit’s owner or the tenant.

If the violation poses an imminent threat of causing a substantial adverse effect on the health, safety or welfare of the units’ owners or residents of the common-interest community, the amount of the fine must be commensurate with the severity of the violation and must be determined by the executive board in accordance with the governing documents. If the violation does not pose an imminent threat of causing a substantial adverse effect on the health, safety or welfare of the units’ owners or residents of the common-interest community, the amount of the fine must be commensurate with the severity of the violation and must be determined by the executive board in accordance with the governing documents, but the amount of the fine must not exceed $100 for each violation or a total amount of $1,000, whichever is less. The limitations on the amount of the fine do not apply to any charges or costs that may be collected by the association pursuant to this section if the fine becomes past due.

(c) Send a written notice to cure an alleged violation, without the imposition of a fine, to the unit’s owner and, if different, the person responsible for curing the alleged violation. Any such written notice must:

(1) Include an explanation of the applicable provisions of the governing documents that form the basis of the alleged violation;

(2) Specify in detail the alleged violation and the proposed action to cure the alleged violation;

(3) Provide a clear and detailed photograph of the alleged violation, if the alleged violation relates to the physical condition of the unit or the grounds of the unit or an act or a failure to act of which it is possible to obtain a photograph; and

(4) Provide the unit’s owner or the tenant a reasonable opportunity to cure the alleged violation before the executive board may take additional actions, including, without limitation, other remedies available pursuant to this section.

2. The executive board may not impose a fine pursuant to subsection 1 against a unit’s owner for a violation of any provision of the governing documents of an association committed by an invitee of the unit’s owner or the tenant unless the unit’s owner:

(a) Participated in or authorized the violation;

(b) Had prior notice of the violation; or

(c) Had an opportunity to stop the violation and failed to do so.

3. If the association adopts a policy imposing fines for any violations of the governing documents of the association, the secretary or other officer specified in the bylaws shall prepare and cause to be hand-delivered or sent prepaid by United States mail to the mailing address of each unit or to any other mailing address designated in writing by the unit’s owner, a schedule of the fines that may be imposed for those violations.

4. The executive board may not impose a fine pursuant to subsection 1 unless:

(a) Not less than 30 days before the alleged violation, the unit’s owner and, if different, the person against whom the fine will be imposed had been provided with written notice of the applicable provisions of the governing documents that form the basis of the alleged violation; and

(b) Within a reasonable time after the discovery of the alleged violation, the unit’s owner and, if different, the person against whom the fine will be imposed has been provided with:

(1) Written notice:

(I) Specifying in detail the alleged violation, the proposed action to cure the alleged violation, the amount of the fine, and the date, time and location for a hearing on the alleged violation; and

(II) Providing a clear and detailed photograph of the alleged violation, if the alleged violation relates to the physical condition of the unit or the grounds of the unit or an act or a failure to act of which it is possible to obtain a photograph; and

(2) A reasonable opportunity to cure the alleged violation or to contest the alleged violation at the hearing.

For the purposes of this subsection, a unit’s owner shall not be deemed to have received written notice unless written notice is mailed to the address of the unit and, if different, to a mailing address specified by the unit’s owner.

5. The executive board must schedule the date, time and location for the hearing on the alleged violation so that the unit’s owner and, if different, the person against whom the fine will be imposed is provided with a reasonable opportunity to prepare for the hearing and to be present at the hearing.

6. The executive board must hold a hearing before it may impose the fine, unless the fine is paid before the hearing or unless the unit’s owner and, if different, the person against whom the fine will be imposed:

(a) Executes a written waiver of the right to the hearing; or

(b) Fails to appear at the hearing after being provided with proper notice of the hearing.

7. If a fine is imposed pursuant to subsection 1 and the violation is not cured within 14 days, or within any longer period that may be established by the executive board, the violation shall be deemed a continuing violation. Thereafter, the executive board may impose an additional fine for the violation for each 7-day period or portion thereof that the violation is not cured. Any additional fine may be imposed without providing the opportunity to cure the violation and without the notice and an opportunity to be heard required by paragraph (b) of subsection 4.

8. If the governing documents so provide, the executive board may appoint a committee, with not less than three members, to conduct hearings on alleged violations and to impose fines pursuant to this section. While acting on behalf of the executive board for those limited purposes, the committee and its members are entitled to all privileges and immunities and are subject to all duties and requirements of the executive board and its members.

9. A member of the executive board shall not participate in any hearing or cast any vote relating to a fine imposed pursuant to subsection 1 if the member has not paid all assessments which are due to the association by the member. If a member of the executive board:

(a) Participates in a hearing in violation of this subsection, any action taken at the hearing is void.

(b) Casts a vote in violation of this subsection, the vote is void.

10. The provisions of this section establish the minimum procedural requirements that the executive board must follow before it may impose a fine. The provisions of this section do not preempt any provisions of the governing documents that provide greater procedural protections.

11. Any past due fine must not bear interest, but may include any costs incurred by the association during a civil action to enforce the payment of the past due fine.

12. If requested by a person upon whom a fine was imposed, not later than 60 days after receiving any payment of a fine, an association shall provide to the person upon whom the fine was imposed a statement of the remaining balance owed.

(Added to NRS by 1997, 3112; A 1999, 3001; 2003, 2228, 2268; 2005, 2592; 2009, 2797, 2880, 2913; 2011, 2431; 2013, 267; 2017, 4036)