(a) When a defendant has not been previously convicted of a felony, the court may, upon a guilty verdict or plea of guilty or nolo contendere and before an adjudication of guilt, without entering a judgment of guilt and with the consent of the defendant, defer further proceedings and:

(1) Place the defendant on probation; or

(2) Sentence the defendant to a term of confinement.

(b) The court shall not sentence a defendant under the provisions of this article unless the court has reviewed the defendant's criminal record as such is on file with the Georgia Crime Information Center.

(c) When a court imposes a sentence pursuant to this article, it:

(1) Shall state in its sentencing order the prospective effective date of the defendant being exonerated of guilt and discharged as a matter of law, assuming the defendant successfully complies with its sentencing order, provided that such date may not have taken into account the awarding of credit for time served in custody; and

(2) May limit access to certain information as provided in subsection (b) of Code Section 42-8-62.1.

(d) The court may enter an adjudication of guilt and proceed to sentence the defendant as otherwise provided by law when the:

(1) Defendant violates the terms of his or her first offender probation;

(2) Defendant is convicted for another crime during the period of his or her first offender sentence; or

(3) Court determines that the defendant is or was not eligible for first offender sentencing under this article.

(e) A defendant sentenced pursuant to this article shall be exonerated of guilt and shall stand discharged as a matter of law as soon as the defendant:

(1) Completes the terms of his or her probation, which shall include the expiration of the sentence by virtue of the time frame of the sentence passing, provided that such sentence has not otherwise been tolled or suspended;

(2) Is released by the court under Code Section 42-8-37, 42-8-103, or 42-8-103.1 prior to the termination of the period of his or her probation; or

(3) Is released from confinement and parole, provided that the defendant is not serving a split sentence.

(f)

(1) If the defendant is serving a first offender probated sentence, under active probation supervision or without supervision, within 30 days of such defendant completing active probation supervision, it shall be the duty of the Department of Community Supervision to notify, in writing, the clerk of court for the jurisdiction of the court which imposed the first offender sentence of such completion.

(2) If the defendant is serving a first offender probated sentence, under active probation supervision or without supervision, within 30 days of such defendant completing the term of probation or being released by the court prior to the termination of the period of probation, it shall be the duty of the Department of Community Supervision or entity or governing authority that is providing probation supervision services pursuant to Article 6 of this chapter, as applicable, to notify, in writing, the clerk of court for the jurisdiction of the court which imposed the first offender sentence of such completion or release.

(3) If the defendant is serving a first offender probated sentence pursuant to Article 6 of this chapter, under active probation supervision or without supervision, within 30 days of such defendant completing the term of probation or being released by the court prior to the termination of the period of probation, it shall be the duty of the entity or governing authority that is providing probation supervision services pursuant to Article 6 of this chapter to notify, in writing, the clerk of court for the jurisdiction of the court which imposed the first offender sentence of such completion or release.

(4) If the defendant is not serving a first offender split sentence but is under parole supervision, within 30 days of such defendant completing the term of parole, it shall be the duty of the Department of Community Supervision to notify, in writing, the clerk of court for the jurisdiction of the court which imposed the first offender sentence of such completion.

(5) If the defendant was sentenced only to imprisonment as a first offender and not granted parole, within 30 days of such defendant being released from confinement, it shall be the duty of the Department of Corrections to notify, in writing, the clerk of court for the jurisdiction of the court which imposed the first offender sentence of such release.

(g) If the Department of Community Supervision fails to notify the clerk of court as provided in paragraph (2) or (4) of subsection (f) of this Code section, the entity or governing authority that is providing probation supervision services pursuant to Article 6 of this chapter fails to notify the clerk of court as provided in paragraph (2) or (3) of subsection (f) of this Code section, the Department of Corrections fails to notify the clerk of court as provided in paragraph (5) of subsection (f) of this Code section, or the state does not seek to have a first offender adjudicated guilty during the term of the first offender's sentence and the first offender's sentence has not otherwise been tolled or suspended, then the defendant shall be exonerated of guilt and shall stand discharged as a matter of law.

(h) (1) When the clerk of court receives for filing an order of exoneration of guilt and discharge or is notified by the Georgia Crime Information Center that a defendant has completed his or her first offender sentence or was discharged pursuant to subsection (g) of this Code section, it shall be the duty of the clerk of court to enter on the criminal docket, accusation or indictment, sentencing order, and any subsequent order modifying the original first offender sentencing order within 30 days of the receipt of such order or notification the following:

(2) The entry required by paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be written or stamped in red ink, dated, and signed by the individual making such entry; provided, however, that, if the criminal docket or court records are maintained electronically or using computer printouts, microfilm, or similar means, such entry shall be underscored, boldface, or made in a similar conspicuous manner, shall be dated, and shall include the name of the individual making such entry on the criminal docket, accusation or indictment, sentencing order, and any subsequent order modifying the original first offender sentencing order.

(i) Except for the registration requirements under the state sexual offender registry and except as otherwise provided in Code Section 42-8-63.1, the first offender exoneration of guilt and discharge shall completely exonerate the defendant of any criminal purpose and shall not affect any of his or her civil rights or liberties, and the defendant shall not be considered to have a criminal conviction.

(j) The court shall not sentence a defendant under the provisions of this article who has been found guilty of or entered a plea of guilty or a plea of nolo contendere for:

(1) A serious violent felony as such term is defined in Code Section 17-10-6.1;

(2) A sexual offense as such term is defined in Code Section 17-10-6.2;

(3) Trafficking of persons for labor or sexual servitude as prohibited by Code Section 16-5-46;

(4) Neglecting disabled adults, elder persons, or residents as prohibited by Code Section 16-5-101;

(5) Exploitation and intimidation of disabled adults, elder persons, and residents as prohibited by Code Section 16-5-102;

(6) Sexual exploitation of a minor as prohibited by Code Section 16-12-100;

(7) Electronically furnishing obscene material to a minor as prohibited by Code Section 16-12-100.1;

(8) Computer pornography and child exploitation as prohibited by Code Section 16-12-100.2;

(9) (A) Any of the following offenses when such offense is committed against a law enforcement officer while such officer is engaged in the performance of his or her official duties:

(i) Aggravated assault in violation of Code Section 16-5-21;

(ii) Aggravated battery in violation of Code Section 16-5-24; or

(iii) Obstruction of a law enforcement officer in violation of subsection (b) of Code Section 16-10-24, if such violation results in serious physical harm or injury to such officer.

(B) As used in this paragraph, the term "law enforcement officer" means:

(i) A peace officer as such term is defined in paragraph (8) of Code Section 35-8-2;

(ii) A law enforcement officer of the United States government;

(iii) An individual employed as a campus police officer or school security officer;

(iv) A conservation ranger; and

(v) A jail officer employed at a county or municipal jail; or

(10) Driving under the influence as prohibited by Code Section 40-6-391.

(k) When a defendant has not been previously convicted of a felony, the court may, after an adjudication of guilt, sentence the defendant pursuant to this article as provided in Code Section 42-8-66 or modify a sentence as provided in subsection (f) of Code Section 17-10-1 so as to allow a sentence pursuant to this article.

(l) A defendant shall not avail himself or herself of this article on more than one occasion.