(1) The shareholders of every state bank shall be held individually responsible, equally and ratably, and not for another, for all contracts, debts, and engagements of said bank, to the extent of double the amount of their stock therein, at the par value thereof, in addition to the amount invested in such shares.

(2) The term "shareholder" shall apply not only to such persons as appear on the books of the bank as shareholders, but also to every owner of stock, legal or equitable, although the stock may stand on such books in the name of another person, but not to a person who holds the stock as collateral security for the payment of a debt.

(3) Any shareholder of any state bank who has transferred his or her shares or caused such transfer to appear on the books of the bank within sixty days immediately preceding the capital inadequacy of such bank, or who has made such transfer with knowledge of such impending capital inadequacy, shall be liable to the same extent that the transferee or subsequent transferee fails to meet such liability. This section shall not be construed to affect in any way any recourse that such shareholder might otherwise have against those in whose names such shares appear upon the books of the bank at the time of such capital inadequacy.

(4) If the capital of any state bank becomes inadequate, and its assets and affairs have been taken possession of by the banking board pursuant to this code, and the banking board is of the opinion that it will become necessary in the course of liquidation of such bank to resort to the liability of the shareholders as provided for in this section, in order to make good the contracts, debts, or engagements of such bank, it shall be lawful for the banking board to file in the office of the county clerk and recorder of any county in this state, wherein any real estate belonging to any shareholder of such bank is situated, a statement in writing to the effect that such person is a stockholder of such bank (naming it) and that such bank is in process of liquidation, and stating the number of shares held by such shareholder and their aggregate par value and the extent of such shareholder's liability under this code.

(5) Such statement shall be duly endorsed as filed by such county clerk and recorder, giving the date of filing, and shall be indexed with the name of the shareholder as grantor and the name of the bank as grantee, and shall be recorded as mortgages of real estate are required to be recorded, and from the date of filing of such statement the same shall be a lien upon any real estate of such shareholder located in such county.

(6) If such shareholder thereafter deposits with the banking board an amount of money equal to double the amount of the par value of his or her shares, to be held by the banking board as security for the shareholder's liability under this section, then the banking board shall execute and file with such county clerk and recorder a release of such lien and, upon completing the liquidation of such bank, shall return to such shareholder any excess of such deposit, if such shareholder's ultimate liability shall prove to be less than the amount so deposited with the banking board; and in all cases where the liability of the shareholder has been satisfied, either as the result of litigation or otherwise, such liens so filed shall be released by the banking board. The expense of filing and recording such liens and releases thereof shall be paid out of any assets of the bank in the possession of the banking board.

(7) The liability imposed by this section shall not extend to shareholders in any bank that has become a member of the federal deposit insurance corporation; but if any bank that has become a member of the federal deposit insurance corporation ceases to remain a member thereof, the double liability mentioned in this section shall extend to the shareholders in any such bank as provided in this section.

(8) No stockholder of a state bank shall set off against his or her stockholder liability any claim he or she may have as a depositor in or creditor of any insolvent bank.