(a) Under regulations prescribed by the board, if:

(1) A tax liability under this part was understated by a failure to pay a tax levied and required to be paid under this part, by the omission of an amount properly includable therein, or by erroneous deductions or credits claimed, and the understatement of tax liability is attributable to one spouse; or any amount of the tax was unpaid and the nonpayment of the tax liability is attributable to one spouse.

(2) The other spouse establishes that he or she did not know of, and had no reason to know of, that understatement or nonpayment.

(3) Taking into account whether or not the other spouse significantly benefited directly or indirectly from the understatement or the nonpayment and taking into account all other facts and circumstances, it is inequitable to hold the other spouse liable for the deficiency in tax attributable to that understatement or nonpayment,

then the other spouse shall be relieved of liability for tax (including interest, penalties, and other amounts) to the extent that the liability is attributable to that understatement or nonpayment of tax.

(b) For purposes of this section, the determination of the spouse to whom items of understatement or nonpayment are attributable shall be made without regard to community property laws.

(c) This section shall apply to all calendar years subject to the provisions of this part, but shall not apply to any calendar year that is more than five years from the final date on the board-issued determination, five years from the return due date for nonpayment on a return, or one year from the first contact with the spouse making a claim under this section; or that has been closed by res judicata, whichever is later.

(d) For purposes of paragraph (2) of subdivision (a), “reason to know” means whether or not a reasonably prudent person would have had reason to know of the understatement or nonpayment.

(e) For purposes of this section, with respect to a failure to pay a levy or an omission of an item from the payment, “attributable to one spouse” may be determined by whether a spouse rendered substantial service as a person that owns a private railroad car operated upon the railroads in this state to which the understatement is attributable. If neither spouse rendered substantial services as such a person, then the attribution of applicable items of understatement shall be treated as community property.

(f) Under procedures prescribed by the board, if, taking into account all the facts and circumstances, it is inequitable to hold the other spouse liable for any unpaid tax or any deficiency (or any portion of either) attributable to any item for which relief is not available under subdivision (a), the board may relieve the other spouse of that liability.

(g) For purposes of this section, registered domestic partners, as defined in Section 297 of the Family Code, have the same rights, protections, and benefits as provided by this section, and are subject to the same responsibilities, obligations, and duties as imposed by this section, as are granted to and imposed upon spouses.

(h) The relief provided by this section shall apply retroactively to liabilities arising prior to the effective date of this section.

(Added by Stats. 2007, Ch. 342, Sec. 37. Effective January 1, 2008. Section applicable retroactively as prescribed in subd. (h) and clarified in Sec. 60 of Ch. 342.)