A loan of the amount or value of $25,000 or less for which a greater rate of interest, consideration, or charge than is permitted by this chapter has been charged, contracted for, or received, wherever made, may not be enforced in the state, and every person participating in such a loan in the state is subject to this chapter. This section does not apply to loans legally made in a state or territory of the United States that has in effect a regulatory small loan law similar in principle to this chapter.