(a) The department may investigate conditions of public health importance in the state through methods of epidemiological investigation. The department may also ascertain the existence of cases of illness or other conditions of public health importance, investigate potential sources of exposure or infection and ensure that they are subject to proper control measures, and determine the extent of the disease outbreak, epidemic, risk to health and safety, or disaster.

(b) Investigations under this section may include identification of individuals who have been or may have been exposed to or affected by a condition of public health importance, interviewing and testing those individuals, examining facilities or materials that may pose a threat to the public health, and interviewing other individuals. In conducting the investigations the department may

(1) identify all individuals thought to have been exposed to any agent that may be a potential cause of the disease outbreak, epidemic, or disaster;

(2) interview, test, examine, or screen an individual where needed to assist in the positive identification of those exposed or affected or to develop information relating to the source or spread of the disease or other condition of public health importance; and

(3) inspect health care records maintained by a health care provider.

(c) When testing, screening, or examining an individual under this section, the department shall adhere to the following requirements:

(1) the department may not require the testing, examination, or screening of an individual without the consent of the individual or the individual's legal guardian, except as otherwise provided in this section or other law;

(2) the department may require testing, examination, or screening of a nonconsenting individual only upon an order of a state medical officer, and only upon a finding that the individual has or may have been exposed to a contagious disease that poses a significant risk to the public health; the order must be personally served on the person to be tested, examined, or screened within a reasonable period of time before the testing, examination, or screening is to take place;

(3) the department shall obtain an ex parte order in accordance with (d) of this section if the individual to be tested, examined, or screened objects to the state medical officer's order;

(4) a health care practitioner shall perform an examination under this section; the individual to be examined may, under conditions specified by the state medical officer, choose the health care practitioner who will perform the examination;

(5) a testing, examination, or screening program shall be conducted for the sole purpose of identifying a condition of public health importance that poses a threat to the public health and may be avoided, cured, alleviated, or made less contagious through safe and effective treatment, modifications in individual behavior, or public health intervention;

(6) before testing, examination, or screening, the department shall explain to the individual or individual's legal representative the nature, scope, purposes, benefits, risks, and possible results of the testing, examination, or screening;

(7) in conjunction with or directly after the dissemination of the results of the testing, examination, or screening, the department shall fully inform the individual or individual's legal representative of the results of the testing, examination, or screening.

(d) A judicial officer may issue an ex parte order for testing, examination, or screening upon a showing of probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, that the individual has or may have been exposed to a contagious disease that poses a significant risk to the public health. The court shall specify the duration of the ex parte order for a period not to exceed five days. To conduct the testing, examination, or screening of an individual who is not being detained under an order of isolation or quarantine, the court may order a peace officer to take the individual into protective custody until a hearing is held on the ex parte petition if a hearing is requested.

(e) The individual subject to the ex parte order must be given, with the petition and order, a form to request a hearing to vacate the ex parte order. If a hearing is requested to vacate the ex parte order, the court shall hold the hearing within three working days after the date the request is filed with the court. The public shall be excluded from a hearing under this subsection unless the individual subject to the ex parte order elects to have the hearing open.