This part shall apply to all officers and employees in the service of the city or any board, agency, or instrumentality thereof except the following:
(1) Elective officers.
(2) Members of appointive boards, commissions, and committees.
(3) All employees of the city board of education engaged in the profession of teaching or in supervising teaching in the public schools.
(4) Attorneys, physicians, surgeons, nurses, and dentists employed in their professional capacities.
(5) The judge of any court.
(6) Independent contractors receiving their remuneration from public funds under contracts awarded by competitive bidding.
(7) Any person whose employment is subject to the approval of the United States government or any of its agencies.
(8) The secretary of the chief executive officer of the city.
(9) Any employees at a hospital or nursing home, whether operated by the city or by any municipal authority or board of the city.