Officers or directors—(1) When liability arises on January 1, 1963. Each U.S. citizen or resident who is on January 1, 1963, an officer or director of a foreign corporation shall make a return on Form 5471 (or subsequent form) showing the name, address, and identifying number of each U.S. person who, on January 1, 1963, owns 5 percent or more in value of the outstanding stock of such foreign corporation.

When liability arises after January 1, 1963—(i) Requirement of return. Each United States citizen or resident who is at any time after January 1, 1963, an officer or director of a foreign corporation shall make a return on Form 5471 setting forth the information described in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section with respect to each United States person who, during the time such citizen or resident is such an officer or director—

Acquires (whether in one or more transactions) outstanding stock of such corporation which equals, or which when added to any such stock then owned by him equals, 10 percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the foreign corporation entitled to vote or the total value of the stock of the foreign corporation;

Acquires (whether in one or more transactions) an additional 10 percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the foreign corporation entitled to vote or the total value of the stock of the foreign corporation; or

Is not described in paragraph (a)(2)(i)(a) or (b) of this section, and who, at any time after January 1, 1987, is treated as a United States shareholder under section 953(c) with respect to such foreign corporation.

Information required to be shown on return. The return required under subdivision (i) of this subparagraph shall contain the following information:

Name, address, and identifying number of each shareholder with respect to whom the return is filed;

A statement showing that the shareholder is either described in subdivision (i)(a) or (i)(b) of this subparagraph; and

The date on which the shareholder became a person described in subdivision (i)(a) or (i)(b) of this subparagraph.

Application of rules. The provisions of this paragraph may be illustrated by the following examples:

A, a United States citizen, is, on January 1, 1963, a director of M, a foreign corporation. X, on January 1, 1963, is a United States person owning 5 percent in value of the outstanding stock of M Corporation. A must file a return under the provisions of subparagraph (1) of this paragraph.

Facts. A, a United States citizen, is, on January 1, 2014, a director of M Corporation, a foreign corporation. X, on January 1, 2014, is a United States person owning 4% of the outstanding stock of M Corporation. On July 1, 2014, X acquires 4% of the outstanding stock of M Corporation and on September 1, 2014, he acquires an additional 4% of such stock.

Results. The July 1, 2014, transaction does not give rise to liability for A to file a return; however, A must file a return as a result of the September 1, 2014, transaction because X's holdings now exceed 10%.

Facts. The facts are the same as in Example 2 and, on September 15, 2014, X acquires an additional 8% in value of the outstanding stock of M Corporation. (X's total holdings are now 20%.) On November 1, 2014, X acquires an additional 4% of the outstanding stock of M Corporation.

Results. The September 15, 2014, transaction does not give rise to liability to file a return since X has not acquired 10% in value of the outstanding stock of M Corporation since A last became liable to file a return. However, A must file a return as a result of the November 1, 2014, transaction because X has now acquired an additional 10% of the outstanding stock of M Corporation.

Facts. The facts are the same as in Examples 2 and 3 and, in addition, B, a United States citizen, becomes an officer of M Corporation on September 10, 2014.

Results. B is not required to file a return either as a result of the facts set forth in Example 2 or as a result of the September 15, 2014, transaction described in Example 3. However, B is required to file a return as a result of the November 1, 2014, transaction described in Example 3 because X has acquired an additional 10% in value of the outstanding stock of M Corporation while B is an officer or director.

Returns required of U.S. persons when liability to file arises on January 1, 1963. Each U.S. person who, on January 1, 1963, owns 5 percent or more in value of the outstanding stock of a foreign corporation, shall make a return on Form 959 with respect to such foreign corporation setting forth the following information:

The name, address, and identifying number of the shareholder (or shareholders) filing the return, and the internal revenue district in which such shareholder filed his most recent United States income tax return;

The name, business address, and employer identification number, if any, of the foreign corporation, the name of the country under the laws of which it is incorporated, and the name of the country in which is located its principal place of business;

The date of organization and, if any, of each reorganization of the foreign corporation if such reorganization occurred on or after January 1, 1960, while the shareholder owned 5 percent or more in value of the outstanding stock of such corporation;

The name and address of the foreign corporation's statutory or resident agent in the country of incorporation;

The name, address, and identifying number of any branch office or agent of the foreign corporation located in the United States;

If the foreign corporation has filed a United States income tax return, or participated in the filing of a consolidated return, for any of its last three calendar or fiscal years immediately preceding January 1, 1963, state each year for which a return was filed (including, in the case of a consolidated return, the name of the corporation filing such return), the type of form used, the internal revenue office to which it was sent, and the amount of tax, if any, paid;

The name and address of the person (or persons) having custody of the books of account and records of the foreign corporation, and the location of such books and records if different from such address;

The names, addresses, and identifying numbers of all United States persons who are principal officers (for example, president, vice president, secretary, treasurer, and comptroller) or members of the board of directors of the foreign corporation as of January 1, 1963;

A complete description of the principal business activities in which the foreign corporation is actually engaged and, if the foreign corporation is a member of a group constituting a chain of ownership with respect to each unit of which the shareholder owns 5 percent or more in value of the outstanding stock, a chart showing the foreign corporation's position in the chain of ownership and the percentages of ownership;

The following information prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and in such detail as is customary for the corporation's accounting records:

The corporation's profit and loss statement for the most recent complete annual accounting period; and

The corporation's balance sheet as of the end of the most recent complete annual accounting period;

A statement showing as of January 1, 1963, the amount and type of any indebtedness of the foreign corporation:

To any United States person owning 5 percent or more in value of its stock, or

To any other foreign corporation owning 5 percent or more in value of the outstanding stock of the foreign corporation with respect to which the return is filed provided that the shareholder filing the return owns 5 percent or more in value of the outstanding stock of such other foreign corporation,

A statement, as of January 1, 1963, showing the name, address, and identifying number, if any, of each person who is, on January 1, 1963, a subscriber to the stock of the foreign corporation, and the number of shares subscribed to by each;

A statement showing the number of shares of each class of stock of the foreign corporation owned by each shareholder filing the return and:

If such stock was acquired after December 31, 1953, the dates of acquisition, the amounts paid or value given therefor, the method of acquisition, i.e., by original issue, purchase on open market, direct purchase, gift, inheritance, etc., and from whom acquired; or

If such stock was acquired before Janaury 1, 1954, a statement that such stock was acquired before such date, and the value at which such stock is carried on the books of such shareholder;

A statement showing as of January 1, 1963, the name, address, and identifying number of each United States person who owns 5 percent or more in value of the outstanding stock of the foreign corporation, the classes of stock held, the number of shares of each class held, including the name, address, and identifying number, if any, of each actual owner if such person is different from the shareholder of record and a statement of the nature and amount of the interests of each such actual owner; and

The total number of shares of each class of outstanding stock of the foreign corporation (or other data indicating the shareholder's percentage of ownership).

Returns required of United States persons when liability to file arises after January 1, 1963—(1) United States persons required to file. A return on Form 5471, containing the information required by paragraph (c)(4) of this section, shall be made by each United States person when at any time after January 1, 1963:

Such person acquires (whether in one or more transactions) outstanding stock of such foreign corporation which equals, or which when added to any such stock then owned by him equals, 10 percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the foreign corporation entitled to vote or the total value of the stock of the foreign corporation;

Such person, having already acquired the interest referred to in paragraph (b) of this section or in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section—

Acquires (whether in one or more transactions) an additional 10 percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the foreign corporation entitled to vote or the total value of the stock of the foreign corporation;

Owns 10 percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the foreign corporation entitled to vote or the total value of the stock of the foreign corporation when such foreign corporation is reorganized (as defined in paragraph (f)); or

Disposes of sufficient stock in such foreign corporation to reduce his interest to less than 10 percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the foreign corporation entitled to vote or the total value of the stock of the foreign corporation; or

Such person is, at any time after January 1, 1987, treated as a United States shareholder under section 953(c) with respect to a foreign corporation.

Examples. The provisions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section may be illustrated by the following examples:

Facts. On January 15, 2014, A, a United States person, acquires 10% of the outstanding stock of M, a foreign corporation.

Results. A must file a return under the provisions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section.

Facts. On January 1, 2014, B, a United States person, owns 4% of the outstanding stock of M, a foreign corporation. On February 1, 2015, B acquires an additional 6% of the outstanding stock of M Corporation.

Results. B is not required to file a return for 2014 under the provisions of this section because he does not own 10% or more of the outstanding stock of M Corporation. B must file a return for 2015 under the provisions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section.

Facts. On January 1, 2014, C, a United States person, owns 12% of the outstanding stock of M Corporation, a foreign corporation. On February 1, 2014, C acquires an additional 4% of the outstanding stock of M Corporation in a transaction not involving a reorganization.

Results. C is not required to file a return under the provisions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section with respect to the acquisition of the additional 4% of M Corporation.

Facts. The facts are the same as in Example 3 except that, in addition, on April 1, 2014, C acquires 4% of the outstanding stock of M Corporation in a transaction not involving a reorganization. (C's total holdings are now 20%.) On May 1, 2014, C acquires 2% of the outstanding stock of M Corporation.

Results. C is not required to file a return under the provisions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section as a result of the April 1, 2014, acquisition because he has not acquired 10% or more of the outstanding stock of M Corporation since he last became liable to file a return. C must file a return under the provisions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section as a result of the May 1, 2014, acquisition because C acquired 10% of the outstanding stock of M Corporation during 2014.

Facts. On June 1, 2014, D, a United States person, owns 24% of the outstanding stock of M Corporation, a foreign corporation. Also, on June 1, 2014, M Corporation is reorganized and, as a result of such reorganization, D owns only 12% of the outstanding stock of such foreign corporation.

Results. D must file a return under the provisions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section.

Facts. The facts are the same as in Example 5 except that, in addition, on November 1, 2015, D donates 4% of the outstanding stock of M Corporation to a charity.

Results. Since D has disposed of sufficient stock to reduce his interest in M Corporation to less than 10% of the outstanding stock of such corporation, D must file a return under the provisions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section.

Shareholders who become United States persons. A return on Form 5471, containing the information required by paragraph (c)(4) of this section, shall be made by each person who at any time after January 1, 1963, becomes a United States person while owning 10 percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the foreign corporation entitled to vote or the total value of the stock of the foreign corporation.

Information required to be shown on return—(i) In general. The return on Form 5471, required to be filed by persons described in paragraph (c)(1) or (3) of this section, shall set forth the same information as is required by the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section except that where such provisions require information with respect to January 1, 1963, such information shall be furnished with respect to the date on which liability arises to file the return required under this paragraph.

Additional information. In addition to the information required under paragraph (c)(4)(i) of this section, the following information shall also be furnished in the return required under this paragraph:

The date on or after January 1, 1963, if any, on which such shareholder (or shareholders) last filed a return under this section with respect to the corporation;

If a return is filed by reason of becoming a United States person, the date the shareholder became a United States person;

If a return is filed by reason of the disposition of stock, the date and method of such disposition and the person to whom such disposition was made; and

If a return is filed by reason of the organization or reorganization of the foreign corporation on or after January 1, 1963, the following information with respect to such organization or reorganization:

A statement showing a detailed list of the classes and kinds of assets transferred to the foreign corporation including a description of the assets (such as a list of patents, copyrights, stock, securities, etc.), the fair market value of each asset transferred (and, if such asset is transferred by a United States person, its adjusted basis), the date of transfer, the name, address, and identifying number, if any, of the owner immediately prior to the transfer, and the consideration paid by the foreign corporation for such transfer;

A statement showing the assets transferred and the notes or securities issued by the foreign corporation, the name, address, and identifying number, if any, of each person to whom such transfer or issue was made, and the consideration paid to the foreign corporation for such transfer or issue; and

An analysis of the changes in the corporation's surplus accounts occurring on or after January 1, 1963.

Exclusion of information previously furnished. In any case where any identical item of information required to be filed under this paragraph by a shareholder with respect to a foreign corporation has previously been furnished by such shareholder in any return made in accordance with the provisions of this section, such shareholder may satisfy the requirements of this paragraph by filing Form 5471, identifying such item of information, the date furnished, and stating that it is unchanged.

Associations, etc. Returns are required to be filed in accordance with the provisions of this section with respect to any foreign association, foreign joint-stock company, or foreign insurance company, etc., which would be considered to be a corporation under § 301.7701-2 of this chapter (Regulations on Procedure and Administration). Persons who would qualify by the nature of their functions and ownership in such associations, etc., as officers, directors, or shareholders thereof will be treated as such for purposes of this section without regard to their designations under local law.

Special provisions—(1) Return jointly made. Any two or more persons required under paragraph (a) of this section to make a return with respect to one or more shareholders of the same corporation, or under paragraph (b) or (c) of this section to make a return with respect to the same corporation, may in lieu of making several returns, jointly make one return.

Separate return for each corporation. When returns are required with respect to more than one foreign corporation, a separate return must be made for each corporation.

Use of power of attorney by officers or directors—(i) In general. Any two or more persons required under paragraph (a) of this section to make a return with respect to one or more shareholders of the same corporation may, by means of one or more duly executed powers of attorney, constitute one of their number as attorney in fact for the purpose of making such returns or for the purpose of making a joint return under subparagraph (1) of this paragraph.

Nature of power of attorney. The power of attorney referred to in subdivision (i) of this subparagraph shall be limited to the making of returns required under paragraph (a) of this section and shall be limited to a single calendar year with respect to which such returns are required.

Manner of execution of power of attorney. The use of technical language in the preparation of the power of attorney referred to in subdivision (i) of this subparagraph is not necessary. Such power of attorney shall be signed by the individual United States citizen or resident required to file a return or returns under paragraph (a) of this section. Such power of attorney must be acknowledged before a notary public or, in lieu thereof, witnessed by two disinterested persons. The notarial seal must be affixed unless such seal is not required under the laws of the state or country wherein such power of attorney is executed.

Manner of execution of return under authority of power of attorney. A return made under authority of one or more powers of attorney referred to in subdivision (i) of this subparagraph shall be signed by the attorney in fact for each principal for which such attorney in fact is acting. A copy of such one or more powers of attorney shall be kept at a convenient and safe location accessible to internal revenue officers, and shall at all times be available for inspection by such officers.

Effect on penalties. The fact that a return is made under authority of a power of attorney referred to in subdivision (i) of this subparagraph shall not affect the principal's liability for penalties provided for failure to file a return required under paragraph (a) of this section or for filing a false or fraudulent return.

Persons excepted from filing returns—(i) Return required of officer or director under paragraph (a)(1). Notwithstanding paragraph (a)(1) of this section, any U.S. citizen or resident required to make a return under such paragraph with respect to shareholders of a foreign corporation, need not make such return if, on January 1, 1963, three or fewer U.S. persons own 95 percent or more in value of the outstanding stock of such foreign corporation and file a return or returns with respect to such corporation under paragraph (b) of this section.

Return required of officer or director under paragraph (a)(2). Notwithstanding paragraph (a)(2) of this section, any U.S. citizen or resident required to make a return under such paragraph with respect to a person acquiring stock of a foreign corporation in an acquisition described in subdivision (i)(a) or (b) of such paragraph need not make such return, if:

As a result of such acquisition of stock of such foreign corporation, a U.S. person files a return as a shareholder under paragraph (c)(1) of this section, and

Immediately after such acquisition of stock, three or fewer U.S. persons own 95 percent or more in value of the outstanding stock of such foreign corporation.

Return required by reason of attribution rules. Notwithstanding paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, any person required to make a return under such paragraph with respect to a foreign corporation need not make such return, if:

Such person does not directly own an interest in the foreign corporation,

Such person is required to furnish the information solely by reason of attribution of stock ownership from a U.S. person under paragraph (i) of this section, and

The person from whom the stock ownership is attributed furnishes all of the information required under paragraph (b) or (c) of this section of the person to whom such stock ownership is attributed.

Return required of officer or director with respect to person described in subdivision (iii). Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of this section, any U.S citizen or resident required to make a return under such paragraph with respect to a person exempted under subdivision (iii) of this subparagraph from making a return need not make a return with respect to such person.

Persons excepted from furnishing items of information. Any person required to furnish any item of information under paragraph (b) or (c) of this section with respect to a foreign corporation may, if such item of information is furnished by another person having an equal or greater stock interest (measured in terms of either the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the foreign corporation entitled to vote or the total value of the stock of the foreign corporation) in such foreign corporation, satisfy such requirement by filing a statement with his return on Form 5471 indicating that such requirement has been satisfied and identifying the return in which such item of information was included. This paragraph (e)(5) does not apply to persons excepted from filing a return by reason of the provisions of paragraph (e)(4) of this section.

Meaning of terms. For purposes of this section:

Acquisition. Stock in a foreign corporation shall be considered acquired when a person has an unqualified right to receive such stock even though such stock is not actually issued. For example, when under the law of a foreign country, all the necessary steps for incorporation are completed but stock in the corporation will not be issued within 30 days, every United States citizen or resident who is an officer or a director of such corporation, provided a United States person has an interest of 10 percent or more in such corporation, and every such United States person shall, within 90 days of the date of incorporation, file the returns required under section 6046 and this section. In the case of a reorganization, new stock may be acquired, depending on the type of reorganization, whether or not any stock certificates are surrendered or exchanged or the designation of such stock is altered.

Reorganization. With respect to a foreign corporation, the term “reorganization” shall mean not only a transaction described in section 368(a)(1) and the regulations thereunder but also any other transaction or series of transactions which has the same effect.

U.S. person—(i) In general. For purposes of section 6046 and this section, the term United States person has the meaning assigned to it by section 7701(a)(30), except as provided in paragraphs (f)(3)(ii) and (iii) of this section.

Special rule for individuals residing in certain possessions. (A) With respect to an individual who is a bona fide resident of Puerto Rico, the term United States person has the meaning assigned to it by § 1.957-3 except that the rules of § 1.937-2(g)(1) will apply.

With respect to individuals who are bona fide residents of any section 931 possession, as defined in § 1.931-1(c)(1), the term United States person has the meaning assigned to it by § 1.957-3.

Special rule for certain nonresident aliens. An individual for whom an election under section 6013(g) or (h) is in effect will, subject to the exceptions contained in paragraph (f)(3)(ii) of this section, be considered a United States person for purposes of section 6046 and this section.

[Reserved]

Accounting period and taxable year. In the case of a specified foreign corporation (as defined in section 898), the taxable year of such corporation shall be treated as its annual accounting period.

Method of reporting. All amounts furnished in returns prescribed under this section shall be expressed in United States currency with a statement of the exchange rates used. All statements required to be submitted on or with returns under this section shall be rendered in the English language. For taxable years ending after December 31, 1994, with respect to returns filed after December 31, 1995, all amounts furnished under paragraph (c) of this section shall be expressed in United States dollars computed and translated in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles. Amounts furnished under paragraph (c)(3)(i) of this section shall also be furnished in the foreign corporation's functional currency as required on the form. Information described in paragraphs (b)(10) and (c)(3) of this section shall be submitted in such form or manner as the form shall prescribe. If an individual who is a United States person required to make a return with respect to a foreign corporation under section 6046 is entitled under a treaty to be treated as a nonresident of the United States, and if the individual claims this treaty benefit, and if there are no other United States persons that are required to furnish information under section 6046 with respect to the foreign corporation, then the individual may satisfy the requirements of paragraphs (b)(10), (11) and (12), (c)(3)(ii)(d), and (g) of this section by filing the audited foreign financial statements of the foreign corporation with the individual's return required under section 6046.

Actual ownership of stock. If any shareholder, referred to in this section, is not the actual owner of the stock of the foreign corporation, the information required under this section shall be furnished in the name of and by such actual owner. For example, in the case of stock held by a nominee, the information required under this section shall be furnished by the actual owner of such stock.

Constructive ownership of stock—(1) In general. Stock owned directly or indirectly by or for a foreign corporation or a foreign partnership shall be considered as being owned proportionately by its shareholders or partners. Thus, any United States person who is a member of a nonresident foreign partnership which becomes a shareholder in a foreign corporation shall be considered to be a shareholder in such foreign corporation to the extent of his proportionate share in such partnership.

Members of family. An individual shall be considered as owning the stock owned directly or indirectly by or for his brothers and sisters (whether by the whole or half blood), his spouse, his ancestors, and his lineal descendants. However, when stock is treated as owned by an individual under the rule provided in this subparagraph, it shall not be treated as owned by him for the purpose of again applying such rule in order to make another the constructive owner of such stock. The provisions of this subparagraph may be illustrated by the following example:

H, W, and HF are United States citizens. W, wife of H, owns 20 percent of the value of the outstanding stock of X, a foreign corporation. X Corporation owns 90 percent of the value of the outstanding stock of Y Corporation, a foreign corporation. Y Corporation becomes the owner of 50 percent of the value of the outstanding stock of each of two newly organized foreign corporations, M and N. In applying the “members of family” rule, H is considered to own 20 percent of the value of the outstanding stock of X Corporation, and 18 percent of the value of the outstanding stock of Y Corporation, and 9 percent of M Corporation and N Corporation. However, HF, the father of H, is not considered to own stock of X, Y, M, or N since his son, H, is not treated as the owner of such stock for purposes of again applying the “members of family” rule.

Time and place for filing return—(1) Time for filing. Any return required by section 6046 and this section shall be filed on or before the 90th day after the date on which a United States citizen, resident, or person becomes liable to file such return under any provision of section 6046(a) and of paragraph (a), (b), or (c) of this section. With respect to returns filed after September 3, 1982, such return shall be filed on or before such later date (if any) as may be authorized by the return form. The Director of the Internal Revenue Service Center where the return is required to be filed is authorized to grant reasonable extensions of time for filing returns under section 6046 and this section in accordance with the applicable provisions of section 6081(a) and § 1.6081-1.

Place for filing. Returns required by section 6046 and this section shall be filed with the Internal Revenue Service Center designated in the instructions of the applicable form.

Penalties. (1) For criminal penalties for failure to file a return and filing a false or fraudulent return, see sections 7203, 7206, and 7207.

For civil penalty for failure to file return, or failure to show information required on a return, under this section, see section 6679.

Effective/applicability date. Paragraph (f)(3) of this section applies to taxable years ending after April 9, 2008.

Paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section applies to taxable years ending on or after December 31, 2013.

Paragraph (e)(5) of this section applies to returns filed on or after December 31, 2013. See paragraph (e)(5) of § 1.6046-1, as contained in 26 CFR part 1 revised as of April 1, 2012, for returns filed before December 31, 2013.