A title report—also known as a title commitment or binder—is a document that contains the results of a title search and describes the legal status of a piece of real property (estate). A title report usually includes a legal description of the property and information on ownership of the property (the chain of title or ownership history).

A title report also includes a list of any easements, liens, encumbrances, and other information affecting title to the property as of that date—which are known as title defects or defects.

A title report will also include relevant zoning laws, the appraised value of the property, current tax information, and any open or unreleased mortgages.

A person considering buying a piece of property may be able to find this information in the local county records (county tax assessor’s office, courthouse) but most experts recommend a potential buyer enlist the services of a title officer at a title company.

In Virginia, a title report is a critical document for real estate transactions, providing a comprehensive overview of the legal status of a property. It includes the property's legal description, ownership history, and details of any easements, liens, encumbrances, or other title defects. Additionally, the report covers zoning regulations, the property's appraised value, tax information, and any outstanding mortgages. While individuals can access some of this information through local county records, such as the county tax assessor's office or courthouse, it is generally advised to engage the services of a title officer from a title company. This professional can conduct a thorough title search and ensure that the title report is accurate and complete, which is essential for a potential buyer to make an informed decision and secure title insurance. Virginia state statutes and federal laws govern the preparation and accuracy of title reports, and they are integral to the due diligence process in real estate transactions.