The crime of assault varies from state to state (and under federal law), but is generally defined as intentionally putting another person in reasonable apprehension or fear of an imminent (immediate) harmful or offensive contact. The crime of assault may be committed even if there is no physical contact, as the criminal physical contact constitutes the separate crime of battery. In many states assaulting a police officer or peace officer who is performing official duties (such as making a lawful arrest) is a more serious offense—sometimes a felony.
In Ohio, assault is codified under Ohio Revised Code Section 2903.13 and is generally defined as knowingly causing or attempting to cause physical harm to another or to another's unborn. It can also be committed by recklessly causing serious physical harm to another or to another's unborn. Assault in Ohio is typically classified as a misdemeanor of the first degree, but the charge can be elevated to a felony under certain circumstances, such as if the victim is a peace officer, a firefighter, or an emergency medical worker engaged in their duties, which is outlined in Section 2903.11. This elevation to a felony is due to the recognition of the increased risk and importance of the duties performed by such officials. The specific circumstances of the incident, such as the use of a deadly weapon or the severity of the injury, can also lead to more serious charges like aggravated assault. It's important to note that in Ohio, the crime of battery is not separately defined but is generally included within the various assault statutes.
