For purposes of this article:

"340B entity" means an entity participating in the federal 340B drug discount program, as described in 42 U.S.C. § 256b, including its pharmacy or pharmacies, or any pharmacy or pharmacies, contracted with the participating entity to dispense drugs purchased through such program.

"Affiliate" means a pharmacy, pharmacist, or pharmacy technician that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, owns or controls, is owned or controlled by, or is under common ownership or control with a pharmacy benefit manager.

"Auditing entity" means a person or company that performs a pharmacy audit, including a covered entity, pharmacy benefits manager, managed care organization, or third-party administrator.

"Business day" means any day of the week excluding Saturday, Sunday, and any legal holiday as set forth in §2-2-1 of this code.

"Claim level information" means data submitted by a pharmacy or required by a payer or claims processor to adjudicate a claim.

"Covered entity" means a contract holder or policy holder providing pharmacy benefits to a covered individual under a health insurance policy pursuant to a contract administered by a pharmacy benefits manager.

"Covered individual" means a member, participant, enrollee, or beneficiary of a covered entity who is provided health coverage by a covered entity, including a dependent or other person provided health coverage through the policy or contract of a covered individual.

"Extrapolation" means the practice of inferring a frequency of dollar amount of overpayments, underpayments, nonvalid claims, or other errors on any portion of claims submitted, based on the frequency of dollar amount of overpayments, underpayments, nonvalid claims, or other errors actually measured in a sample of claims.

"Health care provider" has the same meaning as defined in §33-41-2 of this code.

"Health insurance policy" means a policy, subscriber contract, certificate, or plan that provides prescription drug coverage. The term includes both comprehensive and limited benefit health insurance policies.

"Insurance commissioner" or "commissioner" has the same meaning as defined in §33-1-5 of this code.

"Network" means a pharmacy or group of pharmacies that agree to provide prescription services to covered individuals on behalf of a covered entity or group of covered entities in exchange for payment for its services by a pharmacy benefits manager or pharmacy services administration organization. The term includes a pharmacy that generally dispenses outpatient prescriptions to covered individuals or dispenses particular types of prescriptions, provides pharmacy services to particular types of covered individuals or dispenses prescriptions in particular health care settings, including networks of specialty, institutional or long-term care facilities.

"Nonproprietary drug" means a drug containing any quantity of any controlled substance or any drug which is required by any applicable federal or state law to be dispensed only by prescription.

"Pharmacist" means an individual licensed by the West Virginia Board of Pharmacy to engage in the practice of pharmacy.

"Pharmacy" means any place within this state where drugs are dispensed and pharmacist care is provided.

"Pharmacy audit" means an audit, conducted on-site by or on behalf of an auditing entity of any records of a pharmacy for prescription or nonproprietary drugs dispensed by a pharmacy to a covered individual.

"Pharmacy benefits management" means the performance of any of the following:

(1) The procurement of prescription drugs at a negotiated contracted rate for dispensation within the State of West Virginia to covered individuals;

(2) The administration or management of prescription drug benefits provided by a covered entity for the benefit of covered individuals;

(3) The administration of pharmacy benefits, including:

(A) Operating a mail-service pharmacy;

(B) Claims processing;

(C) Managing a retail pharmacy network;

(D) Paying claims to a pharmacy for prescription drugs dispensed to covered individuals via retail or mail-order pharmacy;

(E) Developing and managing a clinical formulary including utilization management and quality assurance programs;

(F) Rebate contracting administration; and

(G) Managing a patient compliance, therapeutic intervention, and generic substitution program.

"Pharmacy benefits manager" means a person, business, or other entity that performs pharmacy benefits management for covered entities;

"Pharmacy record" means any record stored electronically or as a hard copy by a pharmacy that relates to the provision of prescription or nonproprietary drugs or pharmacy services or other component of pharmacist care that is included in the practice of pharmacy.

"Pharmacy services administration organization" means any entity that contracts with a pharmacy to assist with third-party payer interactions and that may provide a variety of other administrative services, including contracting with pharmacy benefits managers on behalf of pharmacies and managing pharmacies" claims payments from third-party payers.

"Third party" means any insurer, health benefit plan for employees which provides a pharmacy benefits plan, a participating public agency which provides a system of health insurance for public employees, their dependents and retirees, or any other insurer or organization that provides health coverage, benefits, or coverage of prescription drugs as part of workers" compensation insurance in accordance with state or federal law. The term does not include an insurer that provides coverage under a policy of casualty or property insurance.